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Foreword | |
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Preface | |
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Introduction: Close Encounters with the Strange | |
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The Importance of Why | |
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Beyond Weird to the Absurd | |
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A Weirdness Sampler | |
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Notes | |
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The Possibility of the Impossible | |
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Paradigms and the Paranormal | |
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Logical Possibility Versus Physical Impossibility | |
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The Possibility of ESP | |
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Theories and Things | |
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On Knowing the Future | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Evaluate These Claims | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Field Problem | |
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Critical Reading and Writing | |
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Notes | |
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Arguments Good, Bad, and Weird | |
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Claims and Arguments | |
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Deductive Arguments | |
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Inductive Arguments | |
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Enumerative Induction | |
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Analogical Induction | |
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Hypothetical Induction (Abduction, or Inference to the Best Explanation) | |
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Informal Fallacies | |
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Unacceptable Premises | |
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Begging the Question | |
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False Dilemma | |
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Irrelevant Premises | |
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Equivocation | |
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Composition | |
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Division | |
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Appeal to the Person | |
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Genetic Fallacy | |
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Appeal to Authority | |
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Appeal to the Masses | |
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Appeal to Tradition | |
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Appeal to Ignorance | |
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Appeal to Fear | |
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Straw Man | |
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Insufficient Premises | |
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Hasty Generalization | |
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Faulty Analogy | |
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False Cause | |
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Slippery Slope | |
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Statistical Fallacies | |
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Misleading Averages | |
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Missing Values | |
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Hazy Comparisons | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Evaluate These Claims | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Field Problem | |
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Critical Reading and Writing | |
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Notes | |
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Knowledge, Belief, and Evidence | |
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Babylonian Knowledge-Acquisition Techniques | |
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Propositional Knowledge | |
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Reasons and Evidence | |
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Expert Opinion | |
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Coherence and Justification | |
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Sources of Knowledge | |
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The Appeal to Faith | |
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The Appeal to Intuition | |
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The Appeal to Mystical Experience | |
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Astrology Revisited | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Evaluate These Claims | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Field Problem | |
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Critical Reading and Writing | |
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Notes | |
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Looking for Truth in Personal Experience | |
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Seeming and Being | |
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Perceiving: Why You Can't Always Believe What you See | |
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Perceptual Constancies | |
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The Role of Expectation | |
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Looking for Clarity in Vagueness | |
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The Blondlot Case | |
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"Constructing" UFOs | |
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Remembering: Why You Cant Always Trust What You Recall | |
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Conceiving: Why You Sometimes See What You Believe | |
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Denying the Evidence | |
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Subjective Validation | |
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Confirmation Bias | |
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The Availability Error | |
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The Representativeness Heuristic | |
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Anthropomorphic Bias | |
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Against All Odds | |
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Anecdotal Evidence: Why Testimonials Can't be Trusted | |
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The Variable Nature of Illness | |
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The Placebo Effect | |
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Overlooked Causes | |
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Scientific Evidence: Why Controlled Studies Can be Trusted | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Evaluate These Claims | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Field Problem | |
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Critical Reading and Writing | |
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Notes | |
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Science and Its Pretenders | |
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Science and Dogma | |
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Science and Scientism | |
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Scientific Methodology | |
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Confirming and Refuting Hypotheses | |
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Criteria of Adequacy | |
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Testability | |
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Fruitfulness | |
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Scope | |
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Simplicity | |
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Conservatism | |
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Creationism, Evolution, and Criteria of Adequacy | |
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Scientific Creationism | |
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Intelligent Design | |
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Parapsychology | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Evaluate These Claims | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Field Problem | |
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Critical Reading and Writing | |
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Notes | |
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Case Studies in the Extraordinary | |
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The Search Formula | |
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State the Claim | |
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Examine the Evidence for the Claim | |
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Consider Alternative Hypotheses | |
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Rate, According to the Criteria of Adequacy, Each Hypothesis | |
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Homeopathy | |
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Intercessory Prayer | |
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UFO Abductions | |
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Communicating with the Dead | |
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Near-Death Experiences | |
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Ghosts | |
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Conspiracy Theories | |
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Climate Change | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Evaluate These Claims | |
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Field Problem | |
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Critical Reading and Writing | |
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Notes | |
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Relativism, Truth, and Reality | |
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We Each Create Our Own Reality | |
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Reality is Socially Constructed | |
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Reality is Constituted by Conceptual Schemes | |
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The Relativist's Petard | |
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Facing Reality | |
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Summary | |
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Study Questions | |
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Evaluate These Claims | |
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Discussion Questions | |
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Field Problem | |
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Critical Reading and Writing | |
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Notes | |
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Credits | |
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Index | |