| Powerful Ideas | |
| What is Philosophy? | |
| Misconceptions about Philosophy | |
| The Tools of Philosophy: Argument and Logic | |
| The Divisions of Philosophy | |
| The Benefits of Philosophy | |
| Metaphysics and Epistemology: Existence and Knowledge | |
| The Pre-Socratics The Milesians | |
| Pythagoras | |
| Heraclitus and Parmenides | |
| Empedocles and Anaxagoras | |
| The Atomists | |
| Socrates, Plato Socrates | |
| Plato | |
| Plato, Republic | |
| Plato, Meno | |
| Aristotle What Is It to Be? | |
| Aristotle and the Theory of Forms | |
| Pure Actuality | |
| Essence and Existence | |
| Ten Basic Categories | |
| The Three Souls | |
| Aristotle's Theory of Knowledge | |
| Logic | |
| Aristotle, Metaphysics | |
| Philosophers of the Hellenistic and Christian Eras Metaphysics in the Roman Empire | |
| The Middle Ages and Aquinas | |
| St. Augustine, Confessions | |
| The Rise of Modern Metaphysics and Epistemology Descartes and Dualism | |
| Hobbes and Materialism | |
| The Alternative Views of Conway, Spinoza, and Leibniz | |
| The Idealism of Locke and Berkeley | |
| René Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy | |
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| The Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries David Hume | |
| Immanuel Kant | |
| The Nineteenth Century | |
| David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding | |
| Immanuel Kant, Critique of Pure Reason | |
| Georg Hegel, The Philosophy of History | |
| Arthur Schopenhauer, The World As Will and Representation | |
| The Continental Tradition Existentialism | |
| Two Existentialists | |
| Phenomenology | |
| Jean-Paul Sartre, Existentialism and Humanism | |
| Albert Camus, The Myth of Sisyphus | |
| The Pragmatic and Analytic Traditions Pragmatism | |
| Analytic Philosophy | |
| The Philosophy of the Mind | |
| A. J. Ayer, The Elimination of Metaphysics | |
| J. J. C. Smart, Sensations and Brain Processes | |
| Richard Rorty, Objectivity, Relativism, and Truth | |
| Moral And Political Philosophy | |
| Moral Philosophy Skepticism, Relativism, and Subjectivism | |
| Egoism | |
| Hedonism | |
| The Five Main Ethical Frameworks | |
| The Early Greeks | |
| Epicureanism and Stoicism | |
| Christianizing Ethics | |
| Hobbes and Hume | |
| Kant | |
| The Utilitarians | |
| Friedrich Nietzsche | |
| Plato, Gorgias | |
| Epicurus, Epicurus to Menoeceus | |
| Epictetus, The Encheiridion | |
| Immanuel Kant, Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals | |
| John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism | |
| Friedrich Nietzsche, Beyond Good and Evil | |
| Political Philosophy Plato and Aristotle | |
| Natural Law Theory and Contractarian Theory | |
| Two Other Contractarian Theorists | |
| American Constitutional Theory | |
| Classic Liberalism and Marxism | |
| Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan | |
| John Stuart Mill, On Liberty | |
| Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, Communist Manifesto | |
| Recent Moral and Political Philosophy G. E. Moore | |
| Normative Ethics and Metaethics | |
| Emotivism and Beyond | |
| A Contemporary Liberal | |
| Libertarianism | |
| Communitarian Responses to Rawls | |
| A Contemporary Marxist | |
| "Isms" | |
| James Rachels, Killing and Starving to Death | |
| John Rawls, A Theory of Justice | |
| Robert Nozick, Anarchy, State, and Utopia | |
| Philosophy of Religion: Reason and Faith | |
| Philosophy and Belief in God Two Christian Greats | |
| Mysticism | |
| Seventeenth-Century Perspectives | |
| Eighteenth-Century Perspectives | |
| Nineteenth-Century Perspectives | |
| Twentieth-Century Perspectives | |
| St. Anselm, Proslogion | |
| St. Thomas Aquinas, Summa Theolog | |
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