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| Preface | |
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| Symmetry of Nature and Nature of Symmetry | |
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| What Is Symmetry That We Should Be Mindful of It? | |
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| Space-Time Symmetries: Invariance and the Great Conservation Laws | |
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| Reflection Symmetry | |
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| Gauge Symmetry | |
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| Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking (SSB) | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Lasers and Physics | |
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| Invitation to the New Optics | |
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| Conventional Light Sources | |
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| Light and Electromagnetic Radiation | |
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| Spontaneous Radiation | |
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| Summary | |
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| What is a Laser? | |
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| Stimulated Radiation | |
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| Laser Action | |
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| Laser Light | |
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| Summary | |
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| Types of Lasers | |
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| Solid-state Lasers | |
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| Gas Lasers | |
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| Semiconductor Lasers | |
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| All Those Other Lasers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Applications of Lasers | |
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| Optoelectronics | |
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| Optosurgery | |
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| Communications | |
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| Holography | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quantum Optics | |
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| Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy | |
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| Nonlinear Optics | |
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| Is Quantum Physics Real? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Looking Beyond | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Superconductivity | |
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| Zero Electrical Resistance | |
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| Metallic Resistance | |
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| Superconductivity is Common | |
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| Infinite Magnetic Reluctance | |
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| Flux Trapping | |
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| Wholeness of Trapped Flux | |
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| Temperature and Phase Transition | |
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| Order Parameter | |
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| Free Energy and Entropy | |
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| Type I Superconductors | |
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| Type II Superconductors | |
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| The Critical Current | |
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| Understanding Superconductivity | |
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| Fermions | |
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| Bosons | |
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| Bose Condensation and Superfluidity | |
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| Phonon Mediated Attraction | |
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| Cooper Pairs and the BCS Theory | |
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| Some Macroscopic Quantum Effects | |
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| Flux Quantization Revisited | |
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| Josephson Tunneling and the Superconducting Interference | |
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| The Superconductor Comes out of the Cold | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Bose-Einstein Condensate: Where Many Become One and How to Get There | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Bose Statistics: Counting of the Indistinguishables | |
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| Bose-Einstein Condensation (BEC): The Over-Population Crisis | |
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| Cooling and Trapping of Atoms: Towards BEC | |
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| Laser Cooling and Magnetic Trapping: Down to Microkelvins | |
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| Doppler Limit and its Break-down | |
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| Trapping of Cold Atoms: Magentic and Magneto-Optic Trap (MOT) | |
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| Evaporative Cooling | |
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| BEC Finally: But How Do We Know? | |
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| BEC: What Good is it? | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Exploring Nanostructures | |
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| Towards the Bottom | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Rise of Nanoscience | |
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| Summary | |
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| Confined Systems | |
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| Quantum Effects | |
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| How to Make them | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quantum Devices | |
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| Quantum Wells | |
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| Quantum Wires | |
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| Quantum Dots | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Genius of Carbon | |
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| Carbon Fullerenes | |
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| Carbon Nanotubes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Spintronics | |
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| Spin Flow | |
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| Principles of Spintronic Devices | |
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| Magnetic Recording | |
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| Data Storage and Processing by Spin | |
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| Summary | |
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| Nanos at Large | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Quantum Computation and Information | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Classical Computers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quantum Computers | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Multiple Qubits | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quantum Gates | |
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| Summary | |
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| Deutsch's Algorithm | |
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| Summary | |
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| Finding the Period of a Function | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Implementing a Quantum Fourier Transform | |
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| Period of the Function from the Fourier Transform | |
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| Summary | |
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| Shor's Factorization Algorithm | |
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| Summary | |
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| Grover's Search Algorithm | |
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| Summary | |
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| Hardware and Error Correction | |
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| Trapped Ions | |
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| Photons | |
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| Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) | |
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| Other Systems | |
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| Summary | |
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| Cryptography | |
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| Private Key System | |
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| The RSA Public Key System | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quantum Teleportation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Chaos: Chance Out of Necessity | |
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| Introduction: Chaos Limits Prediction | |
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| The Butterfly Effect | |
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| Chaos is Common | |
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| Can Small be Chaotic? | |
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| Lesson of the Leaking Faucet | |
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| A Model for Chaos | |
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| The Logistic Map | |
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| Iteration of Map | |
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| The Period Doubling Bifurcation | |
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| Universality | |
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| Fully Developed Chaos | |
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| Poincare Sections: From Continuous Flows to Discrete Maps | |
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| Strange Attractors and Routes to Chaos | |
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| Stable Fixed Point | |
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| Limit Cycle | |
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| The Biperiodic Torus | |
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| The Strange Attractor | |
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| The Henon Attractor | |
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| The Lorenz Attractor | |
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| Routes to Chaos | |
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| Fractals and Strange Attractors | |
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| The Koch Snowflake | |
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| Cantor Dust | |
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| Reconstruction of the Strange Attractor from a Measured Signal: The Inverse Problem | |
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| Concluding Remarks: Harvesting Chaos | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Bright Stars and Black Holes | |
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| The Basic Properties of Stars | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram | |
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| Summary | |
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| Bright, Shining Stars | |
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| Nuclear Sources of Stellar Energy | |
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| On the Main Sequence | |
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| Solar Neutrinos | |
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| Post-Main-Sequence Evolution | |
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| Summary | |
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| White Dwarfs | |
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| Observations of White Dwarfs | |
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| Electron Degeneracy Pressure | |
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| Mass and Size | |
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| Luminosity | |
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| Summary | |
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| Neutron Stars | |
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| Formation and Structure | |
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| Solitary Neutron Stars | |
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| The Missing Pulsars | |
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| Neutron Stars in Binaries | |
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| Summary | |
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| Black Holes | |
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| Gravitational Collapse | |
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| Black Hole Dynamics | |
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| Searching for Black Holes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Elementary Particles and Forces | |
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| Elementary Constituents of Matter | |
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| Summary | |
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| Fundamental Forces | |
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| Summary | |
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| Theory of Forces | |
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| Range and Mass | |
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| Inverse-Square Law versus Confinement | |
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| Spin and the Nature of Forces | |
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| Energy and Force | |
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| Summary | |
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| Quantum Numbers and Symmetry | |
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| Vectorial Quantum Numbers | |
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| Symmetry and Conservation Laws | |
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| Isospin | |
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| Color | |
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| Vacuum Condensates | |
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| Space Reflection and Charge Conjugation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Standard Model | |
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| Electromagnetic Theory | |
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| Yang-Mills Theory | |
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| Electroweak Theory | |
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| Strong Interactions | |
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| Renormalization | |
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| Summary | |
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| Fermion Mixing | |
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| Quarks | |
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| Leptons | |
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| Neutrino Oscillations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Outlook | |
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| Grand Unified Theories | |
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| Supersymmetry | |
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| Extra Dimensions | |
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| Superstring and M Theories | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| Cosmology | |
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| Hubble's Law | |
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| Velocity Measurements | |
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| Astronomical Distances | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Big Bang | |
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| Summary | |
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| After the Big Bang | |
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| Gravity and Pressure | |
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| The Red-Shift Factor in an Expanding Universe | |
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| The Accelerating Universe | |
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| The Critical Universe | |
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| The Dynamics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Before the Big Bang | |
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| Problems of the Classical Big Bang Theory | |
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| The Theory of Inflation | |
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| Summary | |
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| Thermal Physics | |
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| Equipartition of Energy | |
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| Stefan-Boltzmann and Wien's Laws | |
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| Baryogenesis | |
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| Relativistic Electrons and Neutrinos | |
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| Summary | |
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| MeV Temperatures | |
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| Neutrino Decoupling | |
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| Electron-Positron Annihilation | |
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| Temperature and Time | |
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| Big Bang Nucleosynthesis | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) | |
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| Observation | |
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| The Physics of CMB | |
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| Summary | |
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| Further Reading | |
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| Problems | |
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| General Concepts in Classical Physics | |
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| The Physical Universe | |
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| Matter and Motion | |
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| Waves and Fields | |
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| General Concepts in Quantum Physics | |
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| Heisenberg's Uncertainty Principle | |
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| Wave Function and Probability: State of the System | |
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| Superposition of States and Wave Interference | |
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| Indistinguishability of Identical Particles | |
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| Quantum Mechanics and Naive Realism | |
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| Thermal Physics and Statistical Mechanics | |
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| Thermodynamics | |
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| Statistical Mechanics | |
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| Dimensional Analysis | |
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| Solutions to Problems | |
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| Glossary | |