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| Review of Optical Data Storage | |
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| Introduction to Optical Data Storage | |
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| Compact Discs/Digital Video Discs | |
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| Magneto-Optical Discs | |
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| Solid Immersion Lens | |
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| Holographic Storage | |
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| Three-Dimensional Bit Optical Storage | |
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| Three-Dimensional Bit Optical Data Storage | |
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| Principle of Three-Dimensional Bit Optical Data Storage | |
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| Single-Photon Versus Two-Photon Excitation | |
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| Photopolymerization Effect | |
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| Photobleaching Effect | |
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| Photochromic Effect | |
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| Photorefractive Effect | |
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| Photorefractive Crystals | |
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| Localized Photorefractive Effect | |
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| Three-Dimensional Photorefractive Bit Data Storage | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Two-Step Processes and IR Recording in Photorefractive Crystals | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Early Experiments | |
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| Two-Step Excitation via Shallow Levels | |
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| Lifetime of the Holograms | |
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| Advantages of Infrared Recording | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Gated Optical Recording for Nonvolatile Holography in Photorefractive Materials | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Gated Recording in Undoped Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate | |
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| Doped Stoichiometric Lithium Niobate | |
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| Material Preparation and Characterization | |
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| Digital Information Storage Experiment in Two-Photon Photorefractive Material | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Photorefractive Copper-Doped LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Waveguides for Holography Fabricated by a Combined Technique of Ion Exchange and Ion Implantation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Waveguide Fabrication and Characterization | |
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| Copper Doping by the Exchange Process | |
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| Photorefractive Properties | |
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| Method of Characterization | |
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| Effects of the Combined Copper and Proton Exchange Conditions | |
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| Effects of the Fabrication Method and Mg Co-doping | |
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| Holographic Recording | |
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| Dynamics of Holographic Recording | |
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| Diffraction Efficiency | |
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| Discussion and Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Two-Photon Optical Storage in Photorefractive Polymers in the Near-Infrared Spectral Range | |
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| Three-Dimensional Bit Optical Data Storage in a Photorefractive Polymer | |
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| Experimental Recording System | |
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| Experimental Reading System | |
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| Transmission Reading | |
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| Differential Interference Contrast Reading | |
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| Pulsed Beam Illumination | |
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| Multi-layered Data Storage | |
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| Rewritable Data Storage | |
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| Bit Characterisation | |
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| Continuous-Wave Illumination | |
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| Requirements for Two-Photon Excitation with Continuous-Wave Illumination | |
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| Continuous-Wave Multi-Layered Data Storage | |
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| Continuous-Wave Rewritable Data Storage | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Long-Lifetime Photorefractive Holographic Devices via Thermal Fixing Methods | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Photorefractive Effect | |
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| Photorefractive Fixing Techniques | |
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| Physical Model for Thermal Fixing | |
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| Standard Model for LiNbO<sub>3</sub> | |
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| Other Mechanisms | |
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| Erasure of Fixed Gratings | |
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| Fixing in Other Materials | |
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| Mathematical Formulation of the Model | |
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| General Equations | |
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| First-Order Equations: Relaxation Modes | |
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| A Useful Approximate Solution | |
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| Experimental Data | |
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| Fixing and Developing Kinetics: Influence of Temperature | |
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| Diffraction Efficiency of Fixed Gratings | |
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| Lifetime of Fixed Holograms | |
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| Optimization of the Fixing Process | |
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| Volume Holographic Devices | |
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| Data Storage | |
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| Very Narrow-Bandwidth Interference Filters and Mirrors | |
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| Wavelength Demultiplexers | |
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| Other Devices | |
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| Waveguide HolographicDevices | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Holographic Reflection Filters in Photorefractive LiNbO<sub>3</sub> Channel Waveguides | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sample Preparation | |
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| Holographic Recording and Readout | |
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| Experimental Results | |
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| Photorefractive Properties | |
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| Fundamental Filter Properties | |
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| Hologram Multiplexing | |
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| Wavelength Tuning and Electrical Switching | |
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| Long-Term Stability of Fixed Gratings | |
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| Conclusions and Outlook | |
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| References | |
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| Optical Lambda-Switching at Telecom Wavelengths Based on Electroholography | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Electrically Controlled Bragg Grating | |
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| The Physical Basis of Electroholography | |
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| The Voltage-Controlled Photorefractive Effect in the Paraelectric Phase | |
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| The Voltage-Controlled Photorefractive Effect in KLTN | |
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| Assessment of the KLTN Crystal as an Electroholographic Medium | |
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| The Basic Electroholographic Switch Module | |
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| The Architecture and Operation of the Basic EH Switch Module | |
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| The Performance Parameters of the Basic EH Switch Module | |
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| Applications of Electroholographic Switching | |
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| The Electroholographic Dynamic Optical Add Drop Multiplexer | |
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| The Electroholographic cross Connect | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| 1550 nm Volume Holographic Devices for Optical Communication Networks | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Building the Optical Communication Network | |
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| The Optical Wavelength Multiplexer/Demultiplexer | |
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| The Optical Cross-Connect and the Switching Fabric | |
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| Volume Holography for 1550 nm Optical Device Implementation | |
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| Recording and Readout of Multiple Holograms | |
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| Two-Lambda Method | |
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| Long-Term Lifetime by Thermal Fixing | |
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| VH-Based Devices for WDM Applications | |
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| Feasibility of an Optical Wavelength Demultiplexer | |
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| Feasibility of a WDM-Readable Digital Database | |
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| Long-Term Reliability of VH-Based Devices | |
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| High-Dense WDM Device Design | |
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| Conclusions | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |