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| List of Symbols | |
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| Preface | |
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| Problems of the Energy Economy | |
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| Energy Economy | |
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| Estimate of the Maximum Reserves of Fossil Energy | |
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| The Greenhouse Effect | |
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| Combustion | |
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| The Temperature of the Earth | |
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| Problems | |
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| Photons | |
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| Black-body Radiation | |
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| Photon Density n� in a Cavity (Planck's Law of Radiation) | |
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| Energy Current Through an Area dA into the Solid Angle d� | |
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| Radiation from a Spherical Surface into the Solid Angle d� | |
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| Radiation from a Surface Element into a Hemisphere (Stefan-Boltzmann Radiation Law) | |
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| Kirchhoff's Law of Radiation for Nonblack Bodies | |
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| Absorption by Semiconductors | |
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| The Solar Spectrum | |
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| Air Mass | |
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| Concentration of the Solar Radiation | |
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| The Abb� Sine Condition | |
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| Geometrical Optics | |
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| Concentration of Radiation Using the Sine Condition | |
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| Maximum Efficiency of Solar Energy Conversion | |
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| Problems | |
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| Semiconductors | |
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| Electrons in Semiconductors | |
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| Distribution Function for Electrons | |
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| Density of States De(Ee) for Electrons | |
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| Density of Electrons | |
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| Holes | |
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| Doping | |
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| Quasi-Fermi Distributions | |
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| Fermi Energy and Electrochemical Potential | |
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| Work Function | |
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| Generation of Electrons and Holes | |
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| Absorption of Photons | |
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| Generation of Electron-Hole Pairs | |
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| Recombination of Electrons and Holes | |
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| Radiative Recombination, Emission of Photons | |
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| Nonradiative Recombination | |
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| Lifetimes | |
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| Light Emission by Semiconductors | |
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| Transition Rates and Absorption Coefficient | |
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| Problems | |
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| Conversion of Thermal Radiation into Chemical Energy | |
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| Maximum Efficiency for the Production of Chemical Energy | |
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| Problems | |
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| Conversion of Chemical Energy into Electrical Energy | |
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| Transport of Electrons and Holes | |
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| Field Current | |
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| Diffusion Current | |
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| Total Charge Current | |
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| Separation of Electrons and Holes | |
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| Diffusion Length of Minority Carriers | |
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| Dielectric Relaxation | |
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| Ambipolar Diffusion | |
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| Dember Effect | |
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| Mathematical Description | |
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| Problems | |
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| Basic Structure of Solar Cells | |
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| A Chemical Solar Cells | |
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| Basic Mechanisms in Solar Cells | |
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| Dye Solar Cell | |
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| The pn-Junction | |
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| Electrochemical Equilibrium of Electrons in a pn-Junction in the Dark | |
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| Potential Distribution across a pn-Junction | |
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| Current-Voltage Characteristic of the pn-Junction | |
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| pn-Junction with Impurity Recombination, Two-diode Model | |
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| Heterojunctions | |
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| Semiconductor-Metal Contact | |
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| Schottky Contact | |
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| MIS Contact | |
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| The Role of the Electric Field in Solar Cells | |
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| Organic Solar Cells | |
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| Excitons | |
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| Structure of Organic Solar Cells | |
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| Light Emitting Diodes (LED) | |
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| Problems | |
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| Limitations on Energy Conversion in Solar Cells | |
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| Maximum Efficiency of Solar Cells | |
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| Efficiency of Solar Cells as a Function of Their Energy Gap | |
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| The Optimal Silicon Solar Cell | |
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| Light Trapping | |
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| Thin-film Solar Cells | |
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| Minimal Thickness of a Solar Cell | |
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| Equivalent Circuit | |
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| Temperature Dependence of the Open-circuit Voltage | |
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| Intensity Dependence of the Efficiency | |
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| Efficiencies of the Individual Energy Conversion Processes | |
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| Problems | |
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| Concepts for Improving the Efficiency of Solar Cells | |
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| Tandem Cells | |
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| The Electrical Interconnection of Tandem Cells | |
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| Concentrator Cells | |
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| Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion | |
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| Impact Ionization | |
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| Hot Electrons from Impact Ionization | |
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| Energy Conversion with Hot Electrons and Holes | |
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| Two-step Excitation in Three-level Systems | |
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| Impurity Photovoltaic Effect | |
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| Up-and Down-conversion of Photons | |
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| Problems | |
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| Prospects for the Future | |
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| Solutions | |
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| Appendix | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |