Biological Inorganic Chemistry Structure and Reactivity

Name: Biological Inorganic Chemistry Structure and Reactivity
Price: 187.73 USD
Availability: InStock
ISBN: 9781891389436

ISBN-10: 1891389432

ISBN-13: 9781891389436

Edition: 2006

Authors: Joan Selverstone Valentine, Gray Bertini, Ivano Bertini, Harry Gray, Edward I. Stiefel

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Book details

List price: $125.00
Copyright year: 2006
Publisher: University Science Books
Publication date: 11/1/2006
Binding: Hardcover
Pages: 766
Size: 8.25" wide x 10.50" long x 1.50" tall
Weight: 4.246
Language: English



List of Contributors


Preface


Acknowledgments



Introduction and Text Overview




The Elements of Life



Functional Roles of Biological Inorganic Elements



A Guide to This Text



Overviews of Biological Inorganic Chemistry



Bioinorganic Chemistry and the Biogeochemical Cycles




Introduction



The Origin and Abundance of the Chemical Elements



The Carbon/Oxygen/Hydrogen Cycles



The Nitrogen Cycle



The Sulfur Cycle



The Interaction and Integration of the Cycles



Conclusions



Metal Ions and Proteins: Binding, Stability, and Folding




Introduction



The Metal Cofactor



Protein Residues as Ligands for Metal Ions



Genome Browsing



Folding and Stability of Metalloproteins



Kinetic Control of Metal Ion Delivery



Special Cofactors and Metal Clusters




Why Special Metal Cofactors?



Types of Cofactors, Structural Features, and Occurrence



Cofactor Biosynthesis



Transport and Storage of Metal Ions in Biology




Introduction



Metal Ion Bioavailability



General Properties of Transport Systems



Iron Illustrates the Problems of Metal Ion Transport



Transport of Metal Ions Other Than Iron



Mechanisms of Metal Ion Storage and Resistance



Intracellular Metal Ion Transport and Trafficking



Summary



Biominerals and Biomineralization




Introduction



Biominerals: Types and Functions



General Principles of Biomineralization



Conclusions



Metals in Medicine




Introduction



Metallotherapeutics



Imaging and Diagnosis



Molecular Targets



Metal Metabolism as a Therapeutic Target



Conclusions



Metal Ion Containing Biological Systems



Metal Ion Transport and Storage



Transferrin




Introduction: Iron Metabolism and the Aqueous Chemistry of Iron



Transferrin: The Iron Transporting Protein of Complex Organisms



Iron-Donating Function of Transferrin



Interaction of Transferrin with HFE



Ferritin




Introduction: The Need for Ferritins



Ferritin: Nature's Nanoreactor for Iron and Oxygen



Siderophores




Introduction: The Need for Siderophores



Siderophore Structures



Thermodynamics of Ferric Ion Coordination by Siderophores



Outer-Membrane Receptor Proteins for Ferric Siderophores



Marine Siderophores



Metallothioneins




Introduction



Classes of Metallothioneins



Induction and Isolation



Structural and Spectroscopic Properties



Reactivity and Function



Copper-Transporting ATPases




Introduction: Wilson and Menkes Diseases



Structure and Function



Metal Ion Binding and Conformational Changes



Metallochaperones




Introduction



The Need for Metallochaperones



COX17



ATX1



Copper Chaperone for SOD1



Metallochaperones for Other Metals?



Concluding Remarks



Hydrolytic Chemistry



Metal-Dependent Lyase and Hydrolase Enzymes. (I) General Metabolism




Introduction



Magnesium



Zinc



Manganese



Metal-Dependent Lyase and Hydrolase Enzymes. (II) Nucleic Acid Biochemistry




Introduction



Magnesium-Dependent Enzymes



Calcium



Zinc



Urease




Introduction



The Structure of Native Urease



The Structure of Urease Complexed with Transition State and Substrate Analogues



The Structure-Based Mechanism



The Structure of Urease Complexed with Competitive Inhibitors



The Molecular Basis for in vivo Urease Activation and Nickel Trafficking



Aconitase




Introduction



Stereochemistry of the Citrate-Isocitrate Isomerase Reaction



Characterization and Function of the Fe-S Cluster



Active Site Amino Acid Residues and the Reaction Mechanism



Cluster Reactivity and Cellular Function



Catalytic Nucleic Acids




Introduction and Discovery of Catalytic Nucleic Acids



Scope and Efficiency of Catalytic Nucleic Acids



Classification of Catalytic Nucleic Acids with Hydrolytic Activity



Metal Ions as Important Cofactors in Catalytic Nucleic Acids



Interactions between Metal Ions and Catalytic Nucleic Acids



The Role of Metal Ions in Catalytic Nucleic Acids



Expanding the Repertoire of Catalytic Nucleic Acids with Transition Metal Ions



Application of Catalytic Nucleic Acids



From Metalloproteins to Metallocatalytic Nucleic Acids



Electron Transfer, Respiration, and Photosynthesis



Electron-Transfer Proteins




Introduction



Determinants of Reduction Potentials



Iron-Sulfur Proteins



Cytochromes



Copper Proteins



A Further Comment on the Size of the Cofactor



Donor-Acceptor Interactions



Electron Transfer through Proteins




Introduction



Basic Concepts



Semiclassical Theory of Electron Transfer



Photosynthesis and Respiration




Introduction



Qualitative Aspects of Mitchell's Chemiosmotic Hypothesis for Phosphorylation



An Interlude: Reduction Potentials



Maximizing Free Energy and ATP Production



Quantitative Aspects of Mitchell's Chemiosmotic Hypothesis for Phosphorylation



Cellular Structures Involved in the Energy Transduction Process: Similarities among Bacteria, Mitochondria, and Chloroplasts



The Respiratory Chain



The Photosynthetic Electron-Transfer Chain



A Common Underlying Theme in Biological O[subscript 2]/H[subscript 2]O Metabolism: Metalloradical Active Sites



Dioxygen Production: Photosystem II




Introduction



Photosystem II Activity: Light-Catalyzed Two- and Four-Electron Redox Chemistry



Photosystem II Protein Structure and Redox Cofactors



Inorganic Ions of PSII



Modeling the Structure of the PSII Mn Cluster



Proposals for the Mechanism of Photosynthetic Water Oxidation



Oxygen Metabolism




Dioxygen Reactivity and Toxicity




Introduction



Chemistry of Dioxygen



Dioxygen Toxicity



Superoxide Dismutases and Reductases




Introduction



Superoxide Chemistry



Superoxide Dismutase and Superoxide Reductase Mechanistic Principles



Superoxide Dismutase and Superoxide Reductase Enzymes



Peroxidase and Catalases




Introduction



Overall Structure



Active-Site Structure



Mechanism



Reduction of Compounds I and II



Dioxygen Carriers




Introduction: Biological Dioxygen Transport Systems



Thermodynamic and Kinetic Aspects of Dioxygen Transport



Cooperativity and Dioxygen Transport



Biological Dioxygen Carriers



Protein Control of the Chemistry of Dioxygen, Iron, Copper, and Cobalt



Structural Basis of Ligand Affinities of Dioxygen Carriers



Final Remarks



Dioxygen Activating Enzymes




Introduction: Converting Carriers into Activators



Mononuclear Nonheme Metal Centers That Activate Dioxygen



Reducing Dioxygen to Water: Cytochrome c Oxidase




Introduction



Lessons from the X-Ray Structures of Bovine Heart Cytochrome c Oxidase



Reaction Mechanism



Reducing Dioxygen to Water: Multi-Copper Oxidases




Introduction



Occurrence and General Properties



Functions



X-Ray Structures



Structure-Function Relationships



Perspectives



Reducing Dioxygen to Water: Mechanistic Considerations




Hydrogen, Carbon, and Sulfur Metabolism



Hydrogen Metabolism and Hydrogenase




Introduction: Microbiology and Biochemistry of Hydrogen



Hydrogenase Structures



Biosynthesis



Hydrogenase Reaction Mechanism



Regulation by Hydrogen



Metalloenzymes in the Reduction of One-Carbon Compounds




Introduction: Metalloenzymes in the Reduction of One-Carbon Compounds to Methane and Acetic Acid



Electron Donors and Acceptors for One-Carbon Redox Reactions



Conversion to the "Formate" Oxidation Level by Two-Electron Reduction of Carbon Dioxide



Conversion from the "Formate" through the "Formaldehyde" to the "Methanol" Oxidation Level



Interconversions at the Methyl Level: Methyltransferases



Methyl Group Reduction or Carbonylation



Summary



Biological Nitrogen Fixation and Nitrification




Introduction



Biological Nitrogen Fixation: When and How Did Biological Nitrogen Fixation Evolve?



Nitrogen-Fixing Organisms and Crop Plants



Relationships among Nitrogenases



Structures of the Mo-Nitrogenase Component Proteins and Their Complex



Mechanism of Nitrogenase Action



Future Perspectives for Nitrogen Fixation



Biological Nitrification: What Is Nitrification?



Enzymes Involved in Nitrification by Autotrophic Organisms



Nitrification by Heterotrophic Organisms



Anaerobic Ammonia Oxidation (Anammox)



Future Perspectives for Nitrification



Nitrogen Metabolism: Denitrification




Introduction



The Enzymes of Denitrification



Summary



Sulfur Metabolism




Introduction



Biological Role of Sulfur Compounds



Biological Sulfur Cycle



Molybdenum Enzymes




Introduction



The Active Sites of the Molybdenum Enzymes



Molybdenum Enzymes



Conclusions



Tungsten Enzymes




Introduction



Biochemical Properties of Tungstoenzymes



Structural Properties of Tungstoenzymes



Spectroscopic Properties of Tungstoenzymes



Mechanism of Action of Tungstoenzymes



Tungsten Model Complexes



Tungsten versus Molybdenum



Metalloenzymes with Radical Intermediates



Introduction to Free Radicals




Introduction



Free Radical Stability and Reactivity



Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy



Biological Radical Complexes



Cobalamins




Introduction



Nomenclature and Chemistry



Enzyme Systems Using AdoCbl



Unresolved Issues in AdoCbl Requiring Enzymes



MeCbl Using Methionine Synthase as a Case Study



Unresolved Issues in Methyl Transfer Reactions with MeCbl



Ribonucleotide Reductases




Introduction: Three Classes of Ribonucleotide Reductases



Mechanisms of Radical Formation



Conclusions



Fe-S Clusters in Radical Generation




Introduction



Glycyl Radical Generation



Isomerization Reactions



Cofactor Biosynthesis



DNA Repair



Radical-SAM Enzymes: Unifying Themes



Galactose Oxidase




Introduction



Active Site Structure



Oxidation-Reduction Chemistry



Catalytic Turnover Mechanism



Mechanism of Cofactor Biogenesis



Amine Oxidases




Introduction



Structural Characterization



Structure-Function Relationship



Mechanistic Considerations



Biogenesis of Amine Oxidases



Conclusion



Lipoxygenase




Introduction



Structure



Mechanism



Kinetics



Metal Ion Receptors and Signaling



Metalloregulatory Proteins




Introduction: Structural Metal Sites



Structural Zn Domains



Metal Ion Signaling



Metalloregulatory Proteins



Metalloregulation of Transcription



Metalloregulation of Post-Transcriptional Processes



Post-Translational Metalloregulation



Structural Zinc-Binding Domains




Introduction



Molecular and Macromolecular Interactions



Metal Coordination and Substitution



Zinc Fingers and Protein Design



Calcium in Mammalian Cells




Introduction



Concentration Levels of Ca[superscript 2+] in Higher Organisms



The Intracellular Ca[superscript 2+]-Signaling System



A Widespread Ca[superscript 2+]-Binding Motif: The EF-Hand



Ca[superscript 2+] Induced Structural Changes in Modulator Proteins (Calmodulin, Troponin C)



Ca[superscript 2+] Binding in Buffer or Transporter Proteins



Nitric Oxide




Introduction: Physiological Role and Chemistry of Nitric Oxide



Chemistry of Oxygen Activation



Overview of Nitric Oxide Synthase Architecture



Nitric Oxide Synthase Mechanism


Cell Biology, Biochemistry, and Evolution: Tutorial I




Life's Diversity



Evolutionary History



Genomes and Proteomes



Cellular Components



Metabolism


Fundamentals of Coordination Chemistry: Tutorial II




Introduction



Complexation Equilibria in Water



The Effect of Metal Ions on the pK[subscript a] of Ligands



Ligand Specificity: Hard versus Soft



Coordination Chemistry and Ligand-Field Theory



Consequences of Ligand-Field Theory



Kinetic Aspects of Metal Ion Binding



Redox Potentials and Electron-Transfer Reactions



Abbreviations



Glossary



The Literature of Biological Inorganic Chemistry



Introduction to the Protein Data Bank (PDB)


Index