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Introduction | |
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Emergencies | |
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An overview of disasters and emergencies | |
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Disasters and emergencies | |
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Relief and development | |
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The people in emergencies | |
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Directly and indirectly affected people | |
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Refugees and displaced people | |
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Power relations and vulnerability | |
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Humanitarian principles and standards | |
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The Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement--fundamental principles | |
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Red Cross and Red Crescent/NGO Code of Conduct | |
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InterAction's PVO standards | |
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Humanitarian Accountability Project | |
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The Sphere Project | |
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The Geneva Conventions and Protocols | |
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The humanitarian relief system | |
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Sources of relief | |
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Government agencies and co-ordination mechanisms | |
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Co-ordination mechanisms | |
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Donors | |
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The United Nations system | |
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The International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement | |
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NGOs (non-governmental organizations) | |
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The private sector and research institutions | |
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Private sector | |
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Specialist institutions | |
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Military organizations | |
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Personal effectiveness | |
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Who will be effective? | |
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Personal planning | |
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Before your assignment | |
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During your assignment | |
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After your assignment | |
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Personal health care | |
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Stress | |
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Working with different cultures | |
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Cultural awareness | |
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Culture shock | |
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Issues of conscience | |
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Publicity and the media | |
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Personal security | |
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Situation awareness | |
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Security strategies | |
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Acceptance | |
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Protection | |
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Deterrence | |
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Security procedures | |
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Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) | |
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Contingencies | |
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Self-management, teamwork and preparedness | |
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Self-management | |
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Teamwork | |
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Preparation | |
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Assessment and planning | |
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Assessment | |
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Needs and resources | |
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The assessment process | |
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Writing an assessment report | |
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Planning in emergencies | |
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Planning framework | |
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Principles and guidelines | |
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Planning bar charts | |
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Techniques for the collection and analysis of information | |
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Interviewing | |
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Brainstorming | |
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Direct observation | |
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Participatory mapping | |
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Ranking | |
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Questionnaire surveys | |
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Refugee profiles, context, activities and resources | |
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Management | |
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Management functions, styles and structures | |
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Functions of management | |
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Management styles | |
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Management structures | |
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Professionalism | |
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Managing people | |
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Self-management | |
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Recruitment | |
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Motivation | |
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Working with a large labour force | |
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Working with host and displaced communities | |
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Working with colleagues | |
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Working with contractors | |
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Information and communication | |
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Information and record keeping | |
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Communication | |
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Meetings | |
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Negotiation and conflict resolution | |
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Negotiation | |
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Conflict resolution | |
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Office practice | |
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Filing system | |
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Office procedures | |
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Financial management | |
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Budgeting | |
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Budget codes | |
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Monitoring | |
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Regular accounting | |
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Security of cash | |
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Training | |
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Organizing training | |
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Training yourself | |
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Logistics | |
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Overview of a logistics system | |
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Procurement | |
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Specifying | |
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Ordering | |
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Purchasing | |
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Supply and transport | |
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Freight | |
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Transport | |
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Specialist items | |
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Documentation | |
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Waybills and Bills of Lading | |
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Customs: import and export documentation | |
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Receiving, storing and issuing goods | |
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Stores management | |
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Storage of specialist items | |
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Goods handling equipment | |
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Telecommunications | |
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Introduction | |
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Safety first | |
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Frequency, wavelength and physical effects | |
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Radio equipment selection | |
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VHF (Very High Frequency) radio | |
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HF (High Frequency) radio | |
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Antennas | |
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Satellite communications | |
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Radio operation | |
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Legal issues | |
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Environmental health | |
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Introduction | |
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The health of a disaster-affected population | |
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Environmental health controls | |
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Establishing an environmental health programme | |
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Cholera control | |
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Hygiene promotion | |
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Environmental sanitation | |
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Excreta disposal--assessment and planning | |
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A strategy for action | |
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Factors to consider | |
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Excreta--immediate actions | |
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Control of indiscriminate defecation | |
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Defecation fields | |
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Medium-term measures for excreta disposal | |
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General guidelines for latrines | |
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Communal latrines | |
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Pit latrines | |
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Improvements to existing latrines | |
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Borehole latrines | |
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Simple pit latrines | |
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Ventilated improved pit (VIP) latrines | |
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Disposal of sullage and runoff | |
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Sullage | |
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Rainfall runoff | |
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Refuse disposal | |
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Sources and types of refuse | |
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Refuse collection | |
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Refuse disposal methods | |
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Hospital wastes | |
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Disposal of the dead | |
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Cultural practices and needs | |
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Burial | |
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Insects and rodents | |
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Insect control | |
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Rodent control | |
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Emergency water supply | |
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Assessment | |
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Assessment approach | |
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Contamination of water sources | |
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Immediate actions | |
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Medium- to long-term actions | |
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The medium term | |
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The longer term | |
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Levels of service and local water supplies | |
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Water quantity and quality | |
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How much water do people need? | |
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Drinking water quality | |
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Water tankering | |
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Is tankering necessary and viable? | |
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Organizing tankering | |
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Water distribution with tankers | |
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Water source development | |
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Water source assessment | |
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Surface water | |
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Assessment of surface water sources | |
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Abstraction from surface water sources | |
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Small dams | |
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Sand-storage and sub-surface dams | |
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Groundwater | |
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Groundwater basics | |
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Springs | |
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Wells: location and construction | |
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Dug wells | |
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Hand drilled and jetted wells | |
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Machine drilled boreholes | |
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Rainwater | |
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Roof collection | |
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Ground catchments | |
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Water storage, treatment and distribution | |
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Assessment and planning | |
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Planning strategy | |
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Stages in a water supply system | |
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Assessment of treatment and storage requirements | |
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Operation of a water supply system | |
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Water storage | |
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Principal considerations | |
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Rigid and flexible emergency tanks | |
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Ground tanks | |
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Water storage packs | |
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Ferrocement water tanks | |
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Improvised water towers | |
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Domestic water storage | |
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Tank repairs | |
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Water tanks in freezing conditions | |
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Water treatment | |
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Pre-treatment | |
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Filtration | |
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Disinfection | |
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Chemical dosing equipment | |
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Packaged water treatment plant | |
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Desalination | |
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Water transmission and distribution | |
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Pipes | |
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Valves and tapstands | |
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Pipeline design | |
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Pumps | |
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Pump types and applications | |
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Pumping head, discharge and power | |
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Pump ratings, head and suction lift | |
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Pump power and efficiency | |
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Pump classification and characteristics | |
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Centrifugal pumps | |
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General | |
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Surface mounted centrifugal pump | |
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Electric submersible centrifugal pump | |
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Positive displacement pumps | |
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Helical rotor pumps | |
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Installation and operation | |
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Lifting water by hand | |
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Selection and operation of pumps | |
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General guidelines on pump installation and maintenance | |
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Selecting and specifying pumps | |
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Mechanical plant | |
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Assessment and planning | |
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Selection of equipment | |
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Operation and maintenance | |
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Internal combustion (IC) engines | |
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Maintenance of internal combustion engines | |
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Petrol engines | |
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Diesel engines | |
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Compressed air plant | |
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Compressors | |
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Compressed air plant for construction work | |
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Grinding mills | |
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Belt and shaft drives | |
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Electrical plant | |
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Simple electrical systems | |
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A typical electrical installation | |
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Safety | |
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Some basic electrical principles | |
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Electrical power generation | |
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Cabling configurations | |
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Electrical power and power factor | |
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Generators | |
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Basic types | |
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Sizing and specifying generators | |
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Installation of generators | |
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Solar power | |
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Cables | |
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Electrical protection | |
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Circuit protection | |
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Protection of electrical enclosures | |
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Induction motors | |
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Sizing motors | |
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Induction motor starters | |
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Operating electric motor driven pumps | |
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Vehicles | |
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Vehicle selection and specification | |
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Sources of vehicles | |
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Vehicle selection | |
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Vehicle specification | |
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Trucks | |
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Tyres | |
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Vehicle management | |
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Vehicle administration | |
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Drivers | |
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Safety and accident procedures | |
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Fuel and lubricants | |
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Vehicle workshops | |
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Workshop requirements | |
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Workshop staff | |
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Spares and stores | |
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Servicing and maintenance | |
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Driving techniques and vehicle recovery | |
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Driving techniques | |
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Vehicle recovery | |
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Roads, crossings and airstrips | |
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Introduction | |
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Planning improved access | |
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Choice and design of road | |
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Assessing existing roads and crossings | |
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Inspection and inventory | |
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Local capacity | |
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Bridge assessment | |
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Design and construction of unpaved roads | |
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First considerations | |
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Planning road construction | |
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Route selection and clearance | |
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Drainage and erosion control | |
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Road building materials | |
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Earthworks | |
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Road repair and maintenance | |
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Crossings | |
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Choice of crossing | |
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Culverts | |
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Fords and drifts | |
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Small emergency timber bridges | |
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Prefabricated modular bridges | |
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Floating bridges and causeways | |
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Aerial ropeways | |
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Airstrips | |
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General | |
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Temporary airstrip assessment and preparation | |
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Shelter and built infrastructure | |
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Shelter in emergencies | |
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Shelter options | |
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Blankets and clothing | |
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Family shelter | |
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Built infrastructure | |
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Storage requirements | |
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Types of storage facilities | |
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Hospitals, health and feeding centres | |
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Building construction | |
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Materials | |
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Concrete | |
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Brick, block and mud walls | |
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Mortar and plaster | |
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Timber | |
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Building details | |
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Damage assessment and building survey | |
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Damage assessment | |
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Notes on materials | |
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Temporary settlements | |
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Introduction | |
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Preparedness planning | |
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Self-settlement | |
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Moving people | |
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Site selection | |
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Selection process | |
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Site selection criteria and weightings | |
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Ranking sites | |
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Temporary settlement planning | |
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Key principles | |
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The settlement planning process | |
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Settlement layout and services | |
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Settlement management | |
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Appendices | |
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Acronyms and abbreviations | |
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Web sites | |
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Sphere minimum standards | |
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Situation report | |
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Contract documentation | |
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Water well construction contract guidelines | |
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Employment contract and job description | |
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Sanitary survey checklists | |
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Discharge measurements and estimates | |
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Aquifer properties and well hydraulics | |
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Hand augers | |
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Compressed air tool package for open well construction | |
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Pipe and hose specifications | |
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Pipe and hose fittings | |
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Valves | |
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Water flow in pipes--head loss data | |
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Gabions and mattresses | |
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Anchorages | |
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Sheers and gyns | |
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Soil classification, identification and testing | |
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Temporary support of excavations | |
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Beam calculations | |
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Basic engineering surveying and setting out | |
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Food and nutrition | |
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Unit conversion tables | |