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| Acknowledgements | |
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| About the author | |
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| From mixed methods to an integrated methodology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Rejecting a traditional dichotomy | |
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| Frameworks | |
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| The structure of the book | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| The FraIM: Frameworks for an Integrated Methodology | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Explaining the FraIM | |
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| The research question | |
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| The cases | |
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| Methods of data collection | |
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| Data | |
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| Data analysis | |
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| A synthesis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Case selection: data source management | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Data sources | |
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| Number of cases in your research | |
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| Degree of control | |
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| Ecological validity | |
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| Generalisability | |
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| Integrating data sources | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Case selection: integrated sampling | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of sampling | |
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| Integrating data source management with case selection | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Data collection: an overview | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Level of mediation | |
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| An unfolding sequence | |
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| Degree of structure | |
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| Degree of structure: asking questions | |
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| Degree of structure: observation and artefact analysis | |
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| Specific approaches associated with degree of structure | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Observation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Using the FraIM | |
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| Different senses | |
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| Types of observational research | |
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| Examples of observational research | |
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| Advantages and disadvantages of different observer-participant interactions | |
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| Ethical issues | |
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| Degree of structure | |
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| Integrating approaches | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Asking questions | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Written questions | |
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| Spoken questions | |
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| Integration of approaches to asking questions | |
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| Degree of structure | |
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| Pilot your questions | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Analysing artefacts I | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is an artefact? | |
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| Characteristics of artefacts | |
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| Example of the four levels | |
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| What is artefact analysis? | |
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| Less structured approaches: semiotic analysis | |
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| Less structured approaches: discourse analysis | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Analysing artefacts II | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A structured approach to artefact analysis | |
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| Artefact analysis and the FraIM | |
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| Inference and abduction | |
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| An example of integration | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Data integration | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Two types of data? | |
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| Levels and types of data | |
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| Illustrative example of data levels | |
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| Data transformation | |
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| Data enlargement | |
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| Data reduction | |
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| Further issues | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Warrantable research: using the FraIM as a guide | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Warrantable research based on argument | |
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| Warrantable research and the FraIM | |
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| An example | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Ethical issues in participant-centred research | |
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| Introduction | |
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| What is ethics? | |
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| Why researchers need to take ethics into account | |
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| Ethics and research participants | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Wider ethical issues and the FraIM | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The research question | |
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| Context | |
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| Methods of data collection | |
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| Data and data analysis | |
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| Writing and disseminating the research report | |
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| A guiding framework | |
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| Summary of expectected ethicality | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| Holistic integrationism: philosophising research | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Paradigms | |
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| Two realities? | |
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| Polarised paradigms | |
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| Philosophy is not relevant? | |
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| Paradigmatic reconciliation? | |
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| A more radical possibility | |
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| An alternative paradigm | |
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| An integrated framework for research | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Reflections | |
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| Associated reading | |
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| A few final words | |
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| An integrated methodology | |
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| Conceptual considerations | |
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| So, finally... | |
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| References | |
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| Name index | |
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| Subject index | |