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| A Guide to Interviewing across Cultures | |
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| A Multicultural Framework | |
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| How Interviews Differ from Other Kinds of Conversations | |
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| Orientation to This Book | |
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| Cultural Competence Is an Ethical Issue | |
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| Case Examples: Cross-Cultural Interviews That Crashed | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Preparing for the Interview | |
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| Prior Information | |
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| What Else Do We Need to Prepare? | |
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| Handling Initial Paperwork | |
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| Deciding Whom to Interview | |
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| Setting for the Interview | |
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| Respecting Values, Negotiating Meanings, and Avoiding Professional Ethnocentrism | |
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| Who Is Coming to See Me?: Background Cultural Information | |
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| Assessing Culture and Acculturation | |
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| Text Box: Inquiring about Culture and Acculturation | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Biases and Boundary Issues | |
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| Biases | |
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| Unbiased Observing | |
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| Text Box: Observational and Cognitive Biases That Can Affect Interviewing, Taking Notes, and Writing Reports | |
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| Special Connections and Boundary Issues | |
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| Ethnic Matching | |
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| Working with Someone from the "Same" Culture | |
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| Self-Disclosure | |
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| Bribes and Gifts | |
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| Text Box: What Might a Gift Mean in the Context of an Interview? | |
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| Maintaining Boundaries in Crisis Situations | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Setting the Right Tone: Building Rapport and Conveying Respect | |
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| Demeanor | |
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| Giving Full Attention and Taking Notes | |
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| Conveying Respect | |
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| Counteracting Shame | |
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| Voice Quality, Tone, Speed, and Volume | |
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| Pace and Time | |
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| Joining with All Members of the Family | |
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| What's in a Name?: Addressing People Appropriately | |
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| Professional Titles | |
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| Saving and Losing Face | |
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| Questions Also Set the Tone | |
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| Text Box: Types of Questions | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Beyond Words: Nonverbal Communication in Interviews | |
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| The Nonverbal World | |
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| Gestures | |
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| Greeting and Leave Taking | |
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| Showing Attentiveness | |
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| Posture | |
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| Gait | |
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| Communicating with the Eyes | |
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| Expressing Emotions | |
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| Expressing Pain and Distress | |
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| Touch | |
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| Personal Space | |
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| Smiling and Laughing | |
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| Communicating about Communicating | |
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| Nonverbal Signs of Disagreement and Agreement | |
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| Clothing | |
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| Tattoos, Piercings, and Other Forms of Body Modification | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Language Competence: Building Bridges with People Who Have a Different Native Language | |
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| Attitude of Humility and Support | |
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| Text Box: Interviewing People with Limited English Language Proficiency | |
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| Trying to Remember | |
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| Language and Memory in People Who Are Bilingual | |
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| Language and Personality | |
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| Language and Abstractions | |
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| Language and Emotion | |
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| Operationalizing Language Competence: U.S. Guidelines and Requirements | |
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| Text Box: How Organizations Must Provide Language Access | |
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| Text Box: Making Documents More Accessible to People with Limited Language Proficiency | |
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| Documents in Diverse Languages | |
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| Language Preference | |
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| Choosing a Language for the Interview | |
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| Alternative Forms of English | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| The Interpreted Interview | |
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| The Interpreter's Power | |
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| When to Use an Interpreter | |
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| Finding an Interpreter | |
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| Text Box: Selecting an Interpreter | |
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| Informal Interpreters | |
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| Preparing Interpreters | |
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| Text Box: Preparing the Interpreter for Your Interview | |
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| Cultural Asides and Other Reasons to Pause an Interview | |
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| The Interpreter's Role | |
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| The Interpreted Conversation | |
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| Interpreter Vulnerabilities | |
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| Text Box: Conducting Interviews Using Interpreters | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Understanding and Addressing Reluctance to Divulge Information | |
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| Attitudes toward Speaking Out | |
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| Silence | |
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| Who Owns Information? | |
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| Airing Secrets and Conflicts | |
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| Taboo Topics | |
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| Substance Abuse | |
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| Child Abuse and Neglect | |
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| Intimate Partner Violence | |
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| Sexual Assault | |
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| Interviewer Strategies for Addressing Reluctance and Silence | |
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| Improving Our Own Comfort with Difficult Topics | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Interviewing Culturally Diverse Children and Adolescents | |
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| Special Issues in Interviewing Children | |
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| Living in Two Worlds | |
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| Text Box: Planning Cross-Cultural Interviews with Children | |
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| Behavioral Observations with Cultural Minority Children | |
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| Text Box: Correctly Interpreting the Behavior of Children from Minority Cultural Groups | |
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| Using Assessment Instruments with Cultural Minority Youth and Families | |
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| Assessing Development in Children | |
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| Text Box: Conducting Developmental Assessments and Interviews with Children and Their Families from Diverse Cultures | |
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| Special Issues in Interviewing Adolescents | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Interview Reports and Documents | |
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| Recording Behavioral Observations or Presentation | |
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| Reporting the Interviewee's Attitude, Demeanor, and Affect | |
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| Text Box: Correctly Interpreting and Writing about Interviewees' Presentation | |
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| Taking Notes | |
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| The Audience for Your Report | |
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| Notational Bias | |
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| Word Choice | |
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| Referring to Race, Ethnicity, and Other Identity Groups | |
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| Giving Your Opinion | |
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| Your Voice and Choices around It | |
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| Cultural Formulation | |
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| Contributing Factors | |
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| Recommendations and Prognoses | |
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| Making Oral Reports | |
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| Text Box: Reviewing Your Completed Report | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Authority and Trust Issues for Specific Professions | |
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| Social Work | |
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| Text Box: Tips for Conducting Cross-Cultural Interviews in Social Work Settings | |
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| Medicine, Nursing, and Allied Professions | |
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| Text Box: Tips for Conducting Cross-Cultural Interviews in Health Care Settings | |
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| Mental Health Clinicians | |
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| Text Box: Tips for Conducting Cross-Cultural Interviews in Mental Health Settings | |
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| Law Enforcement | |
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| Text Box: Tips for Conducting Cross-Cultural Interviews in Law Enforcement Settings | |
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| Educators | |
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| Text Box: Tips for Conducting Cross-Cultural Interviews in Educational Settings | |
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| Attorneys | |
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| Text Box: Tips for Conducting Cross-Cultural Interviews in Legal Settings | |
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| Researchers | |
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| Text Box: Tips for Researchers Conducting Cross-Cultural Interviews | |
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| Potential Employers in the Helping Professions | |
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| Women's Crisis Workers | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Common Dilemmas and Misunderstandings in Cross-Cultural Interviews | |
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| Text Box: Common Mistakes in Cross-Cultural Interviews | |
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| Gathering Basic Demographic Information | |
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| Truth, Lies, and Immigration | |
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| Promptness and Alternatives | |
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| Asking People Directly about Their Backgrounds | |
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| When Your Competence or Appropriateness Is Questioned | |
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| Crossing the Class Divide | |
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| The Multiple Meanings of "Yes" | |
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| Magical Thinking | |
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| The Meaning of Dreams | |
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| Concluding Observations | |
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| Afterword: Your Self as a Resource | |
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| Text Box: Cross-Cultural Interviewing Practices | |
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| The Limits of Our Knowledge | |
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| Cultural Competence and Social Justice | |
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| Stepping Forward toward Cultural Competence | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |