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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| The Study of Us | |
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| Overview | |
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| Cultural Anthropology and General Anthropology | |
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| The Species Known as "Us" | |
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| The Four Fields | |
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| Cultural Anthropology | |
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| Physical Anthropology | |
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| Anthropological Archaeology | |
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| Linguistic Anthropology | |
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| Holism and the Four Fields | |
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| Culture and Change | |
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| Anthropology and Related Disciplines | |
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| Summary | |
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| Sociocultural Universals | |
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| Overview | |
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| The Capacity for Culture | |
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| Cumulative Culture | |
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| The Capacity for Language | |
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| Animal Communication | |
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| Attributes of Language | |
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| Nine Universals | |
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| Sociality | |
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| Concepts of Human Relatedness | |
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| Transmission of Culture: Enculturation and Diffusion | |
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| Religion and Art | |
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| Rules Governing Behavior | |
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| The Notion of Taboo | |
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| Ethnocentrism | |
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| Sex and Gender | |
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| Age Categories | |
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| Economy and Exchange | |
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| Reciprocity | |
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| Thinking about and Classifying the Environment | |
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| Basic Color Terms | |
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| Names for Flora and Fauna | |
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| Summary | |
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| Cultural Variation | |
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| Overview | |
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| Variation in Key Cultural Institutions | |
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| Naming Practices | |
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| Kinds of Names | |
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| Rites of Passage | |
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| Birth Rites | |
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| Rites of Initiation | |
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| Taboos | |
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| Food Taboos | |
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| Contact and Verbal Taboos | |
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| Enculturation | |
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| Ethnocentrism | |
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| Racism | |
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| Gender | |
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| Religion | |
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| Animism and Totemism | |
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| Organizing Behavior and Belief | |
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| Cosmologies and Explanations of the Unknown | |
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| Economic Organization | |
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| Redistribution | |
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| Taxation | |
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| Classification | |
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| Summary | |
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| Where Anthropology Comes From | |
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| Overview | |
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| The Eighteenth Century | |
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| The Enlightenment in Europe and North America | |
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| The Nineteenth Century | |
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| Charles Darwin (1809-1882) | |
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| Lewis Henry Morgan (1818-1881) | |
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| Karl Marx (1818-1883) | |
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| Museums | |
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| The Early Twentieth Century | |
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| Franz Boas (1858-1942) and the Boasian Research Program | |
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| Salvage Ethnography | |
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| Patterns and Configurations of Culture | |
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| Culture and Personality | |
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| The Problem of Reductionism | |
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| Community Studies | |
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| Social Anthropology in Europe | |
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| An Exception to Economic Man | |
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| The Organization of Primitive Society | |
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| Structural-Functionalism | |
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| Summary | |
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| Contemporary Theory and Method | |
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| Overview | |
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| Modernism | |
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| Cultural Evolution in a New Guise | |
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| Social and Cultural Anthropology | |
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| Social Structure and Totemism | |
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| Ecological and Materialist Theories | |
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| Postmodernism | |
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| Culture as Text | |
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| Power and Discourse | |
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| Anthropological Sciences versus Humanist Trends | |
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| Methods in Cultural Anthropology | |
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| Participation Observation Revisited | |
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| Arrival Scenes | |
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| Observations and Interviews | |
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| Ethnographic Writing | |
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| The Ethnographic Toolkit | |
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| Demographic Sampling | |
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| Studying the Past: Documentary Analysis | |
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| Studying the Past: Oral History | |
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| Visual Anthropology | |
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| Studying the Use of Time | |
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| Free Listing | |
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| Summary | |
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| Social Organization | |
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| Overview | |
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| One Species, Two Sexes | |
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| The Sexual Division of Labor | |
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| Gender and Marriage | |
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| How and Why People Get Married | |
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| Usual Marriage Forms | |
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| Contracting of Marriage | |
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| Bridewealth | |
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| Brideservice | |
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| Dowry | |
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| Postmarital Residence | |
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| Descent Rules | |
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| The Atom of Kinship | |
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| A Minimal Society Constructed from Kinship | |
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| The Classification of Relatives | |
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| Hawaiian and Sudanese Kinship Systems | |
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| Eskimo Kinship System | |
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| The Kindred | |
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| Summary | |
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| Politics and Power in Society | |
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| Overview | |
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| The Segmentary Model of Society | |
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| Social and Political Differentiation | |
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| Egalitarianism | |
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| Egalitarianism and Artificial Scarcities | |
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| Ranking | |
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| Stratification | |
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| Theories of the State | |
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| Minimal Complexity | |
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| Complexification | |
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| Hydraulic Theory | |
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| Multilinear Evolution | |
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| Environmental Circumscription | |
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| Complexity and Ethnicity | |
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| Centralization of Authority | |
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| Ethnic Diversity in States | |
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| Summary | |
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| Ecology, Landscape, and Culture | |
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| Overview | |
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| Environmental Impacts of Humans and Their Ancestors | |
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| Pleistocene Overkill? | |
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| The Impact of Agriculture on Landscapes | |
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| The Impact of Hunter-Gatherers on Landscapes | |
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| Hunter-Gatherers: Simple and Complex | |
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| Simple Hunter-Gatherers | |
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| Complex Hunter-Gatherers | |
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| Agrarian Society | |
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| Extensive Agriculture | |
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| The Tropics | |
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| Temperate North America | |
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| Forest Islands of West Africa | |
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| Intensive Agriculture | |
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| Nomadic Pastoralism | |
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| Industrial Agriculture | |
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| Summary | |
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| Colonialism and the World System | |
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| Overview | |
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| What Is Colonialism? | |
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| The World System | |
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| The Expansion of Europe | |
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| Europe and the Americas Encounter Each Other | |
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| The Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade | |
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| Millenarianism and New Ethnic Identities | |
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| Colonialism in Africa and Australia | |
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| The Rise of Money and Capital Markets | |
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| Money and Empire | |
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| Ethnic Identity | |
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| Ethnic Politics and the State | |
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| Summary | |
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| Collapse and Change | |
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| Overview | |
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| Explanations for Collapse | |
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| Overshoot | |
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| Revolt and Rebellion | |
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| Climate Change | |
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| Conquest and Colonization | |
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| A Multivariate View of Collapse | |
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| Collapses of Civilization | |
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| Foragers and Farmers | |
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| Do Foragers Exist? | |
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| Loss of Agriculture | |
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| Summary | |
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| Applications of Cultural Anthropology | |
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| Overview | |
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| Applied Anthropology | |
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| New Methods, New Research | |
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| Who Benefits? | |
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| Anthropology and the Military | |
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| Cultural Anthropology in World War II | |
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| Counterinsurgency Efforts during the Cold War | |
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| Embedding Anthropologists and the Human Terrain System | |
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| Prospects for Applied Anthropology in a Globalized World | |
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| Medical Applications | |
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| Food Security and Overnutrition | |
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| Demystifying Ethnicity and Ethnotourism | |
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| Aiding Cooperatives | |
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| Summary | |
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| Globalization and Indigeneity | |
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| Overview | |
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| Globalization | |
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| Earlier Kinds of Globalization? | |
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| The Twenty-First Century | |
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| Follow the Money | |
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| Globalization and Cultural Anthropology | |
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| Indigeneity | |
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| Resurgence | |
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| Challenges to the Concept of Indigeneity | |
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| Indigeneity, Globalization, and Language Loss | |
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| Indigeneity and Landscapes | |
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| Cultural Anthropology as Transduction | |
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| Summary | |
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| Concluding Remarks | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |