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| Illustrations | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Method, Theory, and the Study of Religion | |
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| Introduction The Archaeology of Religion | |
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| Why Archaeology and Why Religion? | |
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| Ethics, Archaeology, and Religion | |
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| Cultures and their Beliefs in Worldwide Context | |
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| Anthropology and the Study of Religion | |
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| Defining Religion | |
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| Early Anthropology and the Origins of Religion | |
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| New Views in the Twentieth Century | |
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| Contemporary Anthropological Theories | |
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| Interpreting Religion in the Archaeological Past | |
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| Cosmology, Myth, and Ritual | |
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| Supernatural Beings and Religious Specialists | |
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| Method and Theory in the Archaeology of Religion | |
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| Interpreting Beliefs in Worldwide Context | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| The Emergence of Religion in Human Culture | |
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| The World of the Shaman | |
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| The Nature of the Shaman | |
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| The Shaman's Tools | |
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| Finding Shamans in the Archaeological Record | |
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| The First Spark of Religion: The Neanderthals | |
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| Human Evolution: Homo Erectus, Neanderthals, and Modern Humans | |
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| Who Were the Neanderthals? | |
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| Neanderthal Sites in Europe and Western Asia: Rituals in Caves? | |
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| Conclusion: Did the Neanderthals Really Have Religion? | |
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| Rock Art and Ritual in Africa and Australia | |
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| Cultures of the Kalahari | |
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| Southern African Rock Art | |
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| Religion and Rock Art in Australia | |
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| Stone Monuments, Rock Art, and Dreamtime | |
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| Engraved Rock Art | |
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| Painted Rock Art of North and Northwestern Australia | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Religions in the Americas | |
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| The Mound-Building Cultures of North America | |
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| Foraging, Agriculture, and Trade | |
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| The Hopewell Culture | |
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| The Mississippian Culture | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Puebloan Cultures of the American Southwest | |
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| The Hisatsinom (Anasazi)-Early Settlement | |
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| Chaco Canyon and Pueblo Bonito | |
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| Mesoamerica and the Religions of Empire | |
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| Prelude to the Aztecs | |
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| The Aztecs | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Lords and Maidens: Religions of South America | |
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| An Early Andean Center: Chavin De Hu�ntar | |
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| Precursor to the Inka: The Moche and the Nasca | |
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| A Patchwork of Andean Kingdoms | |
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| The Inka Empire | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Religions in Europe | |
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| Upper Paleolithic and Neolithic Europe: From Cave to Village | |
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| Upper Paleolithic Cave Art | |
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| Female Figurines in the Upper Paleolithic | |
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| Neolithic Europe | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Megaliths and Power in Ancient Western Europe | |
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| Pre-Megalithic Northwestern Europe | |
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| The Culture of Megaliths | |
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| The Long Barrow Builders | |
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| Why Build Megalithic Monuments? | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Religions in South and Southeast Asia | |
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| From Harappans to Hinduism and Beyond: Religions in South Asia | |
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| South Asia Today | |
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| The Harappan Civilization | |
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| The End of Harappan Civilization and the Arrival of the Indo-Aryans | |
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| Harappans, Indo-Aryans, and the Rise of Hinduism | |
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| Classical-Period Hinduism and the Origins of Buddhism | |
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| From Hunter-Gatherer to Empire: Religions in Southeast Asia | |
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| Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Bronze Age Farmers | |
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| The Arrival of Hinduism and Buddhism in Southeast Asia | |
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| The Iron Age and the Rise of Empires | |
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| The Khmer Empire: Royal Religion and the Power of Kings | |
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| Religions in Africa and the Middle East | |
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| Religion and Empire in Egypt and Great Zimbabwe | |
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| Ancient Egypt | |
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| The Great Zimbabwe Kingdom | |
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| Ancient Sumer and Religions in Ancient Mesopotamia | |
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| Ancient Sumer and the Religion of Mesopotamia | |
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| The Akkadian Empire | |
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| Sumer, Akkad, and the Power of Religion | |
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| Levantine Religions and the Origins of Judaism | |
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| The First Patriarchs Emerge | |
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| Canaanite Religion and the Philistines | |
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| The First Israelite Empire | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Revitalizing the People: The Origins of Christianity and Islam | |
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| The Roman Levant and the Origins of Christianity | |
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| Muhammad and the Origins of Islam | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |