| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
Nomenclature | |
| |
| |
Introductory Remarks | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermodynamic and Mechanical Aspects of Interfacial Phenomena and Phase Transitions | |
| |
| |
| |
The Liquid-Vapor Interfacial Region - A Nanoscale Perspective | |
| |
| |
| |
A Molecular Perspective on Liquid-Vapor Transitions | |
| |
| |
| |
The Interfacial Region - Molecular Theories of Capillarity | |
| |
| |
| |
Nanoscale Features of the Interfacial Region | |
| |
| |
| |
Molecular Dynamics Simulation Studies of Interfacial Region Thermophysics | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
The Liquid-Vapor Interface - A Macroscopic Treatment | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermodynamic Analysis of Interfacial Tension Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
Determination of Interface Shapes at Equilibrium | |
| |
| |
| |
Temperature and Surfactant Effects on Interfacial Tension | |
| |
| |
| |
Surface Tension in Mixtures | |
| |
| |
| |
Near Critical Point Behavior | |
| |
| |
| |
Effects of Interfacial Tension Gradients | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Wetting Phenomena and Contact Angles | |
| |
| |
| |
Equilibrium Contact Angles on Smooth Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
Wettability, Cohesion, and Adhesion | |
| |
| |
| |
The Effect of Liquid Surface Tension on Contact Angle | |
| |
| |
| |
Adsorption | |
| |
| |
| |
Spread Thin Films | |
| |
| |
| |
Contact Angle Hysteresis | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Metrics for Wettability | |
| |
| |
| |
A Nanoscale View of Wettability | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Transport Effects and Dynamic Behavior at Interfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
Transport Boundary Conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor Instabilities | |
| |
| |
| |
Interface Stability of Liquid Jets | |
| |
| |
| |
Waves on Liquid Films | |
| |
| |
| |
Interfacial Resistance in Vaporization and Condensation Processes | |
| |
| |
| |
Maximum Flux Limitations | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Phase Stability and Homogeneous Nucleation | |
| |
| |
| |
Metastable States and Phase Stability | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermodynamic Aspects of Homogeneous Nucleation in Superheated Liquid | |
| |
| |
| |
The Kinetic Limit of Superheat | |
| |
| |
| |
Comparison of Theoretical and Measured Superheat Limits | |
| |
| |
| |
Thermodynamic Aspects of Homogeneous Nucleation in Supercooled Vapor | |
| |
| |
| |
The Kinetic Limit of Supersaturation | |
| |
| |
| |
Wall Interaction Effects on Homogeneous Nucleation | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Boiling and Condensation Near Immersed Bodies | |
| |
| |
| |
Heterogeneous Nucleation and Bubble Growth in Liquids | |
| |
| |
| |
Heterogeneous Nucleation at a Smooth Interface | |
| |
| |
| |
Nucleation from Entrapped Gas or Vapor in Cavities | |
| |
| |
| |
Criteria for the Onset of Nucleate Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
Bubble Growth in an Extensive Liquid Pool | |
| |
| |
| |
Bubble Growth Near Heated Surfaces | |
| |
| |
| |
Bubble Departure Diameter and the Frequency of Bubble Release | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Pool Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
Regimes of Pool Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
Models of Transport During Nucleate Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
Correlation of Nucleate Boiling Heat Transfer Data | |
| |
| |
| |
The Maximum Heat Flux Conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
Minimum Heat Flux Conditions | |
| |
| |
| |
Film Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
Transition Boiling | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Other Aspects of Boiling and Evaporation in an Extensive Ambient | |
| |
| |
| |
Additional Parametric Effects on Pool Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
The Leidenfrost Phenomenon | |
| |
| |
| |
Fluid-Wall Interactions and Disjoining Pressure Effects | |
| |
| |
| |
Enhancement of Pool Boiling Heat Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
Pool Boiling of Binary Mixtures | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
External Condensation | |
| |
| |
| |
Heterogeneous Nucleation in Vapors | |
| |
| |
| |
Dropwise Condensation | |
| |
| |
| |
Film Condensation on a Flat, Vertical Surface | |
| |
| |
| |
Film Condensation on Cylinders and Axisymmetric Bodies | |
| |
| |
| |
Effects of Vapor Motion and Interfacial Waves | |
| |
| |
| |
Condensation in the Presence of a Noncondensable Gas | |
| |
| |
| |
Enhancement of Condensation Heat Transfer | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Internal Flow Convective Boiling and Condensation | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Two-Phase Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
Two-Phase Flow Regimes | |
| |
| |
| |
Basic Models and Governing Equations for One-Dimensional Two-Phase Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
Determination of the Two-Phase Multiplier and Void Fraction | |
| |
| |
| |
Analytical Models of Annular Flow | |
| |
| |
| |
Effects of Flow Passage Size and Geometry | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Internal Convective Condensation | |
| |
| |
| |
Regimes of Convective Condensation in Conventional (Macro) Tubes | |
| |
| |
| |
Analytical Modeling of Downflow Internal Convective Condensation | |
| |
| |
| |
Correlation Methods for Convective Condensation Heat Transfer | |
| |
| |
| |
Convective Condensation in Microchannels and Channels with Noncircular Cross Sections | |
| |
| |
| |
Internal Convective Condensation of Binary Mixtures | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Convective Boiling in Tubes and Channels | |
| |
| |
| |
Regimes of Convective Boiling in Conventional (Macro) Tubes | |
| |
| |
| |
Onset of Boiling in Internal Flows | |
| |
| |
| |
Subcooled Flow Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
Saturated Flow Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
Critical Heat Flux Conditions for Internal Flow Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
Post-CHF Internal Flow Boiling | |
| |
| |
| |
Internal Flow Boiling in Microchannels and Complex Enhanced Flow Passages | |
| |
| |
| |
Internal Flow Boiling of Binary Mixtures | |
| |
| |
References | |
| |
| |
Problems | |
| |
| |
| |
Basic Elements of the Kinetic Theory of Gases | |
| |
| |
| |
Saturation Properties of Selected Fluids | |
| |
| |
| |
Analysis Details for the Molecular Theory of Capillarity | |
| |
| |
Index | |