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| Fundamentals of Refrigeration | |
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| History and Fundamentals of Refrigeration Module | |
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| Development of Refrigeration | |
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| How a Mechanical Refrigerator Operates | |
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| Color Coding System in This Text | |
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| Heat | |
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| Cold | |
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| Temperature, Pressure, and Measurements Module | |
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| Temperature and Temperature Measurement | |
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| Basic Arithmetic | |
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| Temperature Conversion | |
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| Temperature Difference Calculations | |
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| Dimensions | |
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| Pressure | |
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| The Three Physical States | |
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| Density | |
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| Force | |
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| Work | |
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| Energy | |
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| Power | |
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| Unit of Heat | |
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| Effect of Pressure on Evaporating Temperatures | |
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| Effect of Pressure on Freezing Temperature of Water | |
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| Refrigerating Effect of Ice | |
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| Ambient Temperature | |
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| Heat of Compression | |
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| Energy Units | |
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| Refrigeration Systems and Terms Module | |
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| Refrigerant | |
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| Heat Transfer | |
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| Brine and Sweet Water | |
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| Dry Ice | |
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| Critical Temperature | |
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| Critical Pressure | |
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| Enthalpy | |
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| Cryogenics | |
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| Perfect Gas Equation | |
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| Dalton's Law | |
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| Evaporator | |
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| Vapor--Gas | |
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| Humidity--Relative Humidity | |
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| Elementary Refrigerator | |
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| Mechanical Refrigerating System | |
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| Review of Abbreviations and Symbols | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Refrigeration Tools and Materials | |
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| Tubing and Fittings Module | |
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| Tubing | |
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| Cutting and Bending Tools | |
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| Connecting Tubing | |
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| Soldered or Brazed Tubing Fittings | |
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| Tube Couplings | |
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| Swaging Copper Tubing | |
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| Tube Constrictor | |
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| Pipe Fittings and Sizes | |
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| Refrigeration Tools Module | |
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| Hand Tools | |
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| Instruments and Gauges Module | |
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| Instruments and Gauges | |
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| Measuring Tools | |
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| Supplies and Use Module | |
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| Fastening Devices | |
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| Refrigeration Supplies | |
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| Service Valves | |
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| Purging | |
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| Evacuating | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Basic Refrigeration Systems | |
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| Ice Refrigeration | |
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| Evaporative Refrigeration (Desert Bag) | |
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| Evaporative Refrigeration (Snow Making) | |
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| Compression System Using Low-Side Float Refrigerant Control | |
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| External-Drive (Open) Refrigerating System | |
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| Compression System Using High-Side Float Refrigerant Control | |
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| Compression System Using Automatic Expansion Valve (AEV) Refrigerant Control | |
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| Compression System Using Thermostatically Controlled Expansion Valve (TEV) | |
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| Compression System Using Capillary Tube Refrigerant Control | |
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| Multiple Evaporator System | |
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| Compound Refrigerating Systems | |
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| Cascade Refrigerating Systems | |
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| Modulating Refrigeration Cycle | |
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| Ice Maker | |
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| Drinking Water Cooler | |
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| Expendable Refrigerant Refrigeration System | |
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| Thermoelectric Refrigeration | |
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| Dry Ice Refrigeration | |
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| Intermittent Absorption System | |
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| Continuous-Cycle Absorption System | |
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| Solid Absorbent Refrigeration | |
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| Sophisticated Commercial Systems | |
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| Hot-Gas Defrost | |
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| Electric Defrost | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Compression Systems and Compressors | |
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| Compression Systems Module | |
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| Laws of Refrigeration | |
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| Compression Cycle | |
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| Evaporator | |
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| Accumulator | |
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| Suction Line | |
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| Compressor | |
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| Oil Separator | |
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| Condenser | |
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| Liquid Receiver | |
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| Liquid Line | |
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| Types of Refrigerant Flow Control | |
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| Motor Control | |
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| Compressors Module | |
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| External-Drive Compressors | |
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| Hermetic Compressors | |
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| Types of Compressors | |
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| Motors | |
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| Service Valves | |
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| Mufflers | |
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| Compressor Cooling | |
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| Lubrication | |
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| Compressor Volumetric Efficiency | |
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| Compression Ratio | |
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| Check Valves | |
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| Unloader | |
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| Gaskets | |
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| O-Rings | |
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| Crankcase Heater | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Refrigerant Controls | |
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| Compression System Refrigerant Controls | |
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| Comparing Refrigerant Controls | |
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| Check Valve | |
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| Suction Pressure Valves | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Electrical-Magnetic Fundamentals | |
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| Electrical Fundamentals Module | |
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| Generating Electricity | |
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| Types of Electricity | |
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| Circuit Fundamentals | |
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| Electrical Materials | |
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| Magnetism | |
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| Applied Electronics and Electricity Module | |
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| Electronics | |
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| Electrical Power | |
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| Electrical Codes | |
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| Circuit Protection | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Electric Motors | |
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| Electric Motors Module | |
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| Electric Motor Applications | |
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| The Motor Structure | |
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| Types of Electric Motors | |
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| Motor Speeds | |
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| Starting and Running Windings | |
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| Starting Current | |
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| Motor Connections | |
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| Hermetic System Motors | |
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| Direct Current and Universal Motors | |
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| Motor Horsepower and Motor Characteristics | |
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| Electric Motor Grounding | |
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| Motor Protection | |
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| Motor Temperature | |
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| Standard Motor Data | |
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| Fan Motors | |
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| Shaded-Pole Motors | |
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| Electronic Variable Speed Motors | |
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| Servicing Electric Motors Module | |
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| Servicing Electric Motors | |
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| Pulleys | |
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| Belts | |
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| Motor Testing Stand | |
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| Servicing and Repairing Hermetic Motors | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Electric Circuits and Controls | |
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| Electric Control Circuits Module | |
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| Electrical Circuits--Complete Wiring Diagram | |
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| Electrical Circuits--Ladder Diagram | |
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| Control Systems--Fundamentals | |
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| Electric Controls Module | |
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| Refrigerator and Freezer Controls | |
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| Ice Maker Controls | |
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| Comfort Cooling Air Conditioning Controls | |
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| Central Air Conditioning Controls | |
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| Water Cooler Controls | |
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| Remote Temperature Sensing Elements | |
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| Pressure Motor Controls | |
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| Motor Safety Controls | |
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| Motor Starting Relays | |
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| Automatic Defrost Controls | |
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| Semiautomatic Defrost Controls | |
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| Hot-Gas Defrost Controls | |
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| Ice Bank Controls | |
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| De-Ice Controls | |
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| Humidity Controls | |
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| Defrosting Timers | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Refrigerants | |
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| Refrigerants and the Ozone Layer | |
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| Requirements for Refrigerants | |
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| Use of Pressure-Temperature Curves | |
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| Grouping and Classification of Refrigerants | |
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| Group A Refrigerants | |
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| Group B Refrigerants | |
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| Combustible Refrigerants | |
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| Expendable Refrigerants | |
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| Water as a Refrigerant | |
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| Food Freezants | |
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| Cryogenic Fluids | |
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| Refrigerant Cylinders | |
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| Use of Pressure-Temperature Tables | |
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| Head Pressures (High Side) | |
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| Refrigerator Temperatures | |
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| Refrigerant Applications | |
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| Changing/Identifying Refrigerants | |
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| Amount of Refrigerant Required in a System | |
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| Refrigeration Oil | |
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| Moisture in Refrigerant | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Refrigerant Recovery/Recycling/Reclaiming | |
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| Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), Hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), and the Ozone Layer | |
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| Recovery, Recycling, Reclaiming of Refrigerants | |
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| Refrigerant Recovery Equipment | |
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| Refrigerant Recycling Equipment | |
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| Refrigerant Reclaiming Procedure | |
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| Retrofit | |
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| Mobile Air Conditioning | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Domestic Refrigerators and Freezers | |
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| Preserving Foods by Refrigeration and Freezing | |
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| Refrigerator and Freezer Insulation | |
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| Refrigerator--Single-Door, Manual Defrost | |
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| Refrigerator-Freezer--Manual Defrost | |
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| Refrigerator-Freezer--Automatic Defrost | |
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| Refrigerator-Freezer--Frost-Free | |
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| Refrigerator-Freezer--Frost-Free, Side-by-Side | |
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| Solid-State Ice Maker | |
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| Chest-Type Freezers | |
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| Upright Freezers | |
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| Care of Refrigerator or Freezer | |
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| Ice Accumulation in Cabinet Insulation | |
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| Butter Conditioner | |
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| Cabinet Hardware | |
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| Cabinet Gaskets | |
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| Repairing Finishes | |
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| Cabinet Thermometers | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Servicing and Installing Small Hermetic Systems | |
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| Instruments, Tools, and Supplies | |
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| Installing Refrigerators and Freezers | |
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| Troubleshooting the Hermetic Refrigerator-Freezer | |
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| Hermetic Servicing | |
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| External Servicing Operations | |
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| Internal Service Operations | |
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| Gauge (Service) Manifold Types and Construction | |
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| Hermetic Service Valves and Adaptors | |
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| Locating Refrigerant Leaks | |
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| Repairing Leaks | |
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| Refrigerant Recovery and Evacuation | |
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| Diagnosing Component Problems | |
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| Replacing System Components | |
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| Evacuating a System with a Vacuum Pump | |
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| Overhauling a Hermetic System | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Commercial Systems | |
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| Commercial Systems Module | |
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| Construction of Refrigeration Components | |
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| Refrigeration Components | |
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| Packaged Commercial System Components | |
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| Commercial Evaporators | |
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| Commercial Systems--Controls Module | |
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| Refrigerant Controls | |
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| Motor Controls | |
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| Ice Maker Controls | |
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| Vending Machine Controls | |
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| Defrost Timers | |
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| Pressure Regulating Valves | |
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| Compressor Protection Devices | |
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| Manual Valves | |
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| Refrigerant Lines | |
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| Engine-Driven Systems | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Commercial Systems--Applications | |
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| Commercial Cabinet Construction | |
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| Supermarkets | |
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| Grocery Cabinet (Reach-In Cabinet) | |
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| Walk-In Cabinet | |
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| Display Cases | |
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| Frozen Food Storage Cabinet | |
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| Fast-Freezing Case | |
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| Ice Cream Cabinet | |
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| Soda Fountain | |
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| Dispensing Freezers | |
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| Modular Refrigeration Systems | |
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| Water Cooler | |
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| Automatic Ice Maker | |
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| Vending Machines | |
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| Milk Cooler | |
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| Bakeries | |
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| Refrigerant-to-Water Heat Recovery System | |
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| Laboratory Refrigerated Incubators | |
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| Industrial Applications | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Servicing and Installing Commercial Systems | |
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| Installing Commercial Systems Module | |
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| Types of Commercial Installations | |
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| Installing Condensing Units | |
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| Installing Evaporators | |
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| Installing Refrigerant Piping | |
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| Electrical Connections | |
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| Testing Code Installations | |
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| Evacuating System | |
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| Checking System before Starting | |
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| Charging Commercial Systems | |
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| Starting a System | |
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| Servicing Commercial Systems Module | |
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| Servicing Commercial Units | |
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| Service Equipment | |
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| |
| General Service Instructions | |
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| |
| |
| Servicing Condensing Units | |
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| |
| Service Notes | |
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| |
| |
| Summary of Refrigerator Mechanism Servicing | |
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| |
| Periodic Inspections | |
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| |
| |
| Locating Troubles | |
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| |
| Refrigeration Service Contracting | |
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| |
| Refrigerant Recovering and Recycling | |
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| |
| Review of Safety | |
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| |
| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| |
| Commercial Systems--Heat Loads and Piping | |
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| Heat Loads Module | |
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| Heat Load | |
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| Thermodynamics of the Refrigeration Cycle | |
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| Evaporator and Condensing Unit Capacities | |
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| Evaporator Installations | |
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| |
| Water-Cooling Loads | |
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| |
| Ice Cream Freezing and Storage Load | |
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| |
| System Capacity | |
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| Compressor Capacities | |
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| Cascade System | |
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| |
| Two-Stage Compressor | |
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| |
| Bypass Cycle | |
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| Motor Sizes | |
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| |
| Condenser Capacities | |
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| |
| Servicing: Refrigeration Troubleshooting | |
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| |
| Lines and Piping Module | |
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| |
| Refrigerant Lines and Piping | |
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| |
| Seasonal Energy Efficiency Ratio (SEER) | |
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| |
| Review of Safety | |
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| |
| Test Your Knowledge | |
| |
| |
| |
| Absorption Systems--Principles and Applications | |
| |
| |
| Absorption System Principles Module | |
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| |
| The Absorption System | |
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| |
| Types of Absorption Systems | |
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| |
| Principle of the Solid Adsorption System | |
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| |
| Efficiency of Absorption Systems | |
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| |
| Principle of the Intermittent Absorption System | |
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| |
| |
| Principle of the Continuous Absorption System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Installing an Absorption Refrigerator | |
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| |
| |
| Portable Absorption Refrigerators | |
| |
| |
| |
| Abosorption Refrigerators for Mobile Homes | |
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| |
| Residential and Commercial Absorption Systems Module | |
| |
| |
| |
| Residential Absorption Air Conditioners | |
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| |
| |
| Commercial Absorption System | |
| |
| |
| |
| Absorption Unit for Air Conditioning and Heating | |
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| Servicing Absorption Refrigerators | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Special Refrigeration Systems and Applications | |
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| Transportation Refrigeration | |
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| Portable Air Conditioning/Spot Cooling | |
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| Thermoelectric Refrigeration | |
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| Vortex Tube | |
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| Jet Cooling Systems | |
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| Multistage Systems--Cascade and Compound | |
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| Snow Making | |
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| Heat Pipe | |
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| Immersion (Fast Freeze) | |
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| Cryogenic Refrigeration | |
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| Ozonized Ice and Water | |
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| Sterling Cycle | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Fundamentals of Air Conditioning | |
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| Air Movement and Measurement Module | |
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| Definition of Air Conditioning | |
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| Air--Atmosphere | |
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| Physical Properties of Air | |
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| Vapor Barriers | |
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| Air Movement | |
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| Climate | |
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| Heat Insulation | |
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| Air Quality Module | |
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| Air Quality | |
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| Commercial and Residential Air Quality Systems | |
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| Comfort Conditions | |
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| Noise | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Basic Heating and Air Conditioning Systems | |
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| Gas-Fired Gravity Heating System | |
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| Gas-Fired Forced-Air Heating | |
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| Gas-Fired Hydronic Heating | |
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| Oil-Fired Forced-Air Heating | |
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| Oil-Fired Hydronic Heating | |
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| Electrical Resistance Heating | |
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| Radiant Heating | |
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| Air-to-Air Heat Pumps | |
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| Geothermal Heat Pump Systems | |
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| Room Humidifiers | |
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| Room Dehumidifiers | |
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| Room Air Conditioners | |
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| Central Air Conditioners | |
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| Absorption Cycle Systems | |
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| Evaporative Condensers | |
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| Cooling Towers | |
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| Steam Jet Cooling | |
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| Vortex Tube Cooling | |
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| Evaporative Cooling | |
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| Automobile Air Conditioning | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Heating and Humidification Systems | |
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| Gas Heating Systems Module | |
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| Types of Systems | |
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| Combustion | |
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| Fuel Gases | |
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| Basic Forced Air Components | |
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| Gas Burners | |
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| Furnace Types and Construction | |
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| Gas Furnace Efficiency | |
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| Two-Stage Furnace | |
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| Unit Heaters | |
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| Venting of Furnaces and Chimney or Exhaust Gases | |
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| Ignition Systems | |
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| Piping and Gas Pressure | |
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| Start-Up Check Sheet | |
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| Maintenance | |
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| Service and Instrument Check List | |
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| Hydronic Radiant Heating Module | |
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| Hydronic Heating System | |
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| Installing Hydronic Systems | |
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| Troubleshooting Hydronic Systems | |
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| Steam Heating Systems | |
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| Steam Heating Installation | |
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| Servicing a Steam Heating System | |
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| Oil Furnaces Module | |
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| Fuel Oils | |
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| Oil Furnaces | |
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| Gun-Type Oil Burners | |
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| Gun-Type Oil Burner Pumps | |
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| Electrical (Transformer-Electrode) Ignition | |
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| Primary Control | |
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| Oil Tank Installation | |
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| Oil Burner Installation | |
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| Servicing a Fuel Oil Burner | |
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| Electric Heating Module | |
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| Electric Heat | |
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| Principles of Electric Heating | |
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| Applications of Electric Heating | |
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| Principles of Electric Resistance Heating | |
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| Electric Radiant Heat | |
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| Installing Heating Coils | |
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| Servicing Heating Coils | |
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| Alternative Heating Methods Module | |
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| Heat Pumps | |
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| Coal and Wood Heating | |
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| Solar Heating | |
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| Cogeneration | |
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| Humidification Module | |
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| Humidifiers | |
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| Types of Humidifiers | |
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| Servicing and Installing Humidifiers | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Cooling and Dehumidifying Systems | |
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| Principles of Atmosphere Cooling | |
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| Comfort Cooling Systems | |
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| Self-Contained Comfort Coolers | |
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| Remote Comfort Systems | |
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| Dehumidifying Equipment | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Air Distribution, Measurement, and Cleaning | |
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| Air Distribution Module | |
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| Air Properties and Behavior | |
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| Air Circulation | |
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| Basic Ventilation Requirements | |
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| Air Ducts | |
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| Special Duct Problems and Duct Maintenance | |
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| Duct Sizing | |
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| Air Measurement and Cleaning Module | |
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| Air Measurement | |
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| Air Cleaning | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Central Air Conditioning and Heat Pumps | |
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| Heat Pumps Module | |
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| Heat Pump Theory | |
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| Types of Heat Pumps | |
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| Heat Pump Operation | |
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| Heat Pump Systems | |
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| Heat Pumps and Solar Heating Systems | |
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| Heat Pump Water Heaters | |
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| Heat Pump Installation | |
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| Troubleshooting Heat Pumps | |
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| Servicing Heat Pumps | |
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| Central Air Conditioning Systems Module | |
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| Types of Central Air Conditioning Systems | |
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| Installing Residential Central Air Conditioning Systems | |
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| Inspecting Residential Central Air Conditioning Systems | |
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| Servicing Residential Central Air Conditioning Systems | |
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| Air Circulation Systems and Relative Humidity Control | |
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| Large Systems Module | |
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| Chilled Water Systems | |
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| Types of Chillers | |
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| Chiller Compressors | |
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| Comfort Cooling Systems | |
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| Rooftop Units | |
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| Complete Air Conditioning Systems | |
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| Ice-Based Systems | |
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| Total Energy Systems | |
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| District Heating and Cooling Systems | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Solar Energy | |
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| The Nature of Solar Energy | |
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| Solar Energy Systems | |
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| Solar Energy Storage Systems | |
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| Supplementary Heat | |
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| Solar Energy Cooling Systems | |
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| Converting Solar Energy to Electricity | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Air Conditioning and Heating Control Systems | |
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| Control Mechanisms Module | |
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| Controls | |
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| Thermostats | |
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| Thermostat Operation | |
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| Heating Thermostats | |
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| Cooling Thermostats | |
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| Combination Thermostats | |
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| Electronic Thermostats | |
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| Timer-Thermostats | |
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| Multistage Thermostats | |
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| Hydronic Thermostats | |
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| Portable Thermostats | |
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| Thermostat Location and Servicing | |
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| Control System Components Module | |
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| Controllers | |
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| Primary Controls | |
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| Sequential Operating Controls | |
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| Limit Controls | |
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| Fan Controls | |
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| Control Circuits | |
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| Airflow Controls | |
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| Distribution Controls | |
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| Energy Management Module | |
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| Total Energy Management Systems | |
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| Energy Management System Types and Functions | |
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| Control System Diagnostics and Repair | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Air Conditioning Systems--Heating and Cooling Loads | |
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| Heat Loads | |
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| Design Temperatures | |
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| Insulation and Vapor Barriers | |
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| Energy Conservation | |
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| Construction Types and Designs | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Automotive Air Conditioning | |
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| Automotive Air Conditioning and Heating Systems | |
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| Air Conditioner Operation | |
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| Operating Conditions | |
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| Electrical Systems | |
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| Air Distribution | |
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| Insulation | |
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| Types of Control Systems | |
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| Truck and Bus Air Conditioning | |
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| Servicing Automobile Air Conditioners | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Servicing and Troubleshooting Simplified | |
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| Servicing and Troubleshooting | |
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| Troubleshooting Procedure | |
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| Troubleshooting Charts | |
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| Customer Relations | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Test Your Knowledge | |
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| Passing Technician Certification Exams | |
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| Preparing for Epa Exams Module | |
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| Technician Certification and Associations | |
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| Certification Types | |
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| Recovery Procedures | |
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| Leak Repairs | |
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| Exam Preparation | |
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| Test Format | |
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| Taking the Test | |
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| Areas for Research | |
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| North American Technician Excellence Air Conditioning Excellence HVAC Exam | |
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| Service Organizations and Industry Associations | |
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| Typical Questions Module | |
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| Types of Questions | |
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| Technical Characteristics | |
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| Kata Thermometer | |
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| Infrared Thermometer | |
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| Weights and Specific Heats of Substances | |
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| Energy | |
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| Energy Equivalents (U.S. Conventional) | |
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| Energy Equivalents (SI Metric) | |
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| Linear Measurement Equivalents (U.S. Conventional--SI Metric) | |
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| Fractional Inch Equivalents (Decimals and Millimeters) | |
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| Area Equivalents | |
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| Volume Equivalents | |
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| Pressure Equivalents | |
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| Velocity Equivalents | |
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| Liquid Measure Equivalents | |
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| Weight Equivalents | |
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| Flow Equivalents | |
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| Heat Equivalents | |
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| Pumping Ratio | |
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| Compression Ratio | |
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| Temperature Conversion Table | |
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| Seasonal Energy Efficiency Rating (SEER) | |
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| Standard Temperature | |
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| Standard Pressure | |
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| Standard Temperature and Pressure Sample | |
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| Standard Air | |
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| Heating Value of Fuels | |
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| Single-Source Energy | |
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| Thermodynamic Laws | |
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| Heat Conductivity | |
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| Entropy | |
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| Theory of Matter | |
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| Electron Theory | |
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| The Atom | |
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| The Electron | |
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| Electrical Units and Symbols | |
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| Motor Size Calculation | |
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| Lowering Voltage Saves Power | |
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| Resistances of Conductors, Semiconductors, and Nonconductors | |
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| Color Code for Resistors | |
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| Resistance in Series and Parallel Circuits | |
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| Electrical Codes | |
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| Root Mean Square (rms) Values | |
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| Galvanic Action Sequence | |
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| Electrolysis | |
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| Moisture-Holding Properties of Air | |
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| Evaporation Sources | |
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| Desiccants | |
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| Psychrometric Chart Formula | |
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| Boyle's Law | |
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| Charles's Law | |
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| Gas Law | |
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| Adiabatic Expansion and Contraction of a Gas | |
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| Isothermal Expansion and Contraction of a Gas | |
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| Gas and Vapor | |
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| Refrigerant Properties | |
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| Characteristics of Little-Used Refrigerants | |
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| Metric Pressure-Heat Diagrams | |
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| Moisture in Liquid Refrigerants | |
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| Dryness of Refrigerants | |
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| Refrigerant Oils | |
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| Eutectic (Phase-Change) Materials | |
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| Cryogenic Temperatures | |
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| Brine Freezing Temperatures | |
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| Twist Drill Sizes | |
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| Piping Color Codes | |
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| Solders and Brazing Metals | |
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| Flare Nut Wrench Sizes | |
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| Solvents and Cleaning | |
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| Clean Rooms | |
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| Review of Safety | |
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| Dictionary of Technical Terms | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Index | |