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| About the Authors | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Preface | |
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| The Practicum Experience | |
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| Definitions, Phases, and Standards | |
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| Prepracticum Considerations | |
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| Questions for the Practicum Professor | |
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| Questions for the Practicum Student | |
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| Questions for the Practicum Site Supervisor | |
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| Questions About the Standards Set by Professional Organizations, Certifying Boards, Accrediting Agencies, and University Programs | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Phases of Practicum | |
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| Development Reflected in the Program Structure | |
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| Development Reflected in the Learning Process | |
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| Development Reflected in Supervisor Interaction | |
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| Standards in Accreditation and Certification for Practicum and Internship | |
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| Professional Counselors | |
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| Counseling Psychologists | |
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| Marriage and Family Therapists | |
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| Rehabilitation Counselors | |
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| Pastoral Counselors | |
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| Counselor Certification | |
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| Implications | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| References | |
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| Preparation for Practicum | |
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| Guidelines for Choosing a Practicum Site | |
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| Professional Staff and Supervisor | |
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| Professional Affiliations of the Site | |
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| Professional Practices of the Site | |
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| Site Administration | |
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| Training and Supervision Values | |
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| Theoretical Orientation of the Site and Supervisor | |
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| Client Population | |
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| Negotiating the Practicum Placement | |
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| Role and Function of the Practicum Student | |
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| Concepts in Practicum | |
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| Suggested Course Requirements | |
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| Class Meetings | |
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| Counseling Sessions | |
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| Individual Supervision Sessions | |
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| Tape Critiques | |
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| Documenting Practicum Activities | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| References | |
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| Practicum Content Issues | |
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| Initial Interaction with the Client | |
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| Initial Contact, Structuring, and Assessment | |
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| Assessment Activities | |
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| Obtaining Authorizations | |
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| Obtaining Information from the Client and Others | |
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| Assessing the Client's Mental Status | |
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| Mental Status Categories of Assessment | |
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| Recording Psychosocial History | |
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| Monitoring and Evaluating the Client's Progress | |
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| Building a Client Folder | |
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| Processing Interview Notes | |
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| A Format for Individual Psychotherapy Sesson Notes | |
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| Case Summary Outlines | |
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| Reporting Therapeutic Progress | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| References | |
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| Practicum Process Issues | |
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| Philosophy-Theory-Practice Continuum | |
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| Initial Client Contact | |
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| Basic Helping Skills | |
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| Asking Appropriate Questions | |
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| Assessment in Counseling | |
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| Diagnosis in Counseling | |
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| Diagnostic Classification System | |
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| Severity and Course Modifiers | |
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| DSM-IV Codes and Classification | |
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| Case Conceptualization and Treatment Planning | |
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| Models of Case Conceptualization: The Analytical Thinking Model | |
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| Models of Case Conceptualization: The Stevens and Morris Model | |
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| Models of Case Conceptualization: The "Linchpin" Model | |
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| Models of Case Conceptualization: The Inverted Pyramid Method | |
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| Case Conceptualization: Applying Theory to Individuals | |
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| Treatment Planning | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| References | |
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| Monitoring the Professional Development of Practicum Students | |
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| Role and Function of the Supervisor in Practicum | |
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| The Supervisor-Supervisee Relationship | |
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| Approaches in Supervision | |
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| The Psychotherapeutic Approach to Supervision | |
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| The Behavioral Approach to Supervision | |
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| The Integrative Approach to Supervision | |
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| The Systems Approach to Supervision | |
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| The Person-Process Model of Supervision: A Developmental Approach to Supervision | |
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| Assessing Professional Development | |
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| Counseling Performance Skills | |
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| Cognitive Counseling Skills | |
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| Developmental Level | |
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| Monitoring Counseling Performance Skills | |
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| Self-Assessment of Counseling Performance | |
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| Techniques Used in Counseling and Psychotherapy | |
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| Ongoing Self-Assessment | |
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| Peer Assessment | |
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| Monitoring Cognitive Skills | |
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| Supervisor Monitoring and Assessment Activities | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| References | |
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| Ethics And The Law | |
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| Ethical Issues | |
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| Ethical Codes | |
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| Ethical Principles | |
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| Autonomy | |
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| Beneficence | |
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| Justice | |
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| Nonmaleficence | |
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| Fidelity | |
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| Ethical Virtues | |
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| Virtue and Culture | |
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| Virtue and Ideals | |
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| Virtue and Skill | |
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| Limitations of Virtue Ethics | |
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| American Counseling Association Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice | |
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| American Psychological Association Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| References | |
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| Legal Issues | |
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| The Law | |
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| Classifications of the Law | |
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| Types of Laws | |
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| The Steps in a Lawsuit | |
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| The Special Relationship | |
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| Negligence and the Special Relationship | |
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| Elements of Malpractice | |
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| Why Clients Sue | |
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| Other Reasons to Sue | |
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| Preparing for the Special Relationship | |
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| Policy Development | |
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| Advertising and Soliciting Clients | |
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| Dual Relationships | |
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| Interrupted Therapy | |
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| Client Records | |
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| The Use of Computers | |
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| Liability Insurance | |
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| Implementing the Special Relationship | |
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| Contracting for Therapy | |
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| Informed Consent | |
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| Release of Information | |
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| Confidentiality | |
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| Privileged Communication | |
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| Being a Courtroom Witness | |
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| Being Named in a Lawsuit | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| The Internship Experience | |
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| Guidelines for Interns Working With Special Populations | |
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| The Client Who is Potentially Harmful to Self | |
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| Definition of Suicide | |
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| Training Regarding Suicide | |
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| Ethical Mandates and Danger to Self | |
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| Legal Mandates and Danger to Self | |
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| Characteristics of Potential Harm to Self | |
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| Interventions | |
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| Childhood Depression | |
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| School-Based Suicide Prevention Programs | |
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| Suicide Intervention in the School | |
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| Suicide Intervention in the College and University | |
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| The Potentially Dangerous Client | |
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| The Tarasoff Case | |
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| Assessing Danger to Others | |
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| Patient's Past Criminal Acts | |
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| The Abused Child | |
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| Child Abuse | |
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| Definition of Child Abuse | |
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| Reporting Child Abuse | |
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| Characteristics of Child Abusers | |
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| Characteristics of Abused Children | |
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| Child Sexual Abuse | |
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| Interviewing Children Who May Have Been Sexually Abused | |
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| Adult Survivors of Childhood Sexual Abuse | |
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| Counseling Adult Survivors of Incest | |
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| False Memory Syndrome | |
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| The Client With AIDS | |
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| HIV and AIDS | |
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| Guidelines for Working With Clients With HIV or AIDS | |
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| Ethical Positions | |
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| Legal Positions | |
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| The Substance-Abusing Client | |
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| Substance Abuse | |
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| Assessment Instruments | |
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| Counseling Recommendations | |
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| Preventing Relapse | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Summary | |
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| References | |
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| Consultation in the Schools and Mental Health Agencies: Models and Methods | |
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| Definition | |
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| Mental Health Consultation | |
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| School Consultation | |
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| A Systems Approach to School Counselor Consultation | |
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| An Integrative Consultation Framework: A Practical Tool for Elementary Counselors | |
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| Guidelines for School and Mental Health Consultation | |
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| Entry into the System | |
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| Orientation to Consultation | |
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| Problem Identification | |
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| Consultation Intervention | |
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| Assessing the Impact of Consultation | |
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| Process and Content Models of Consultation | |
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| Resistance to Consultaton | |
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| Contracting and the Forces of Change in the Organization | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| References | |
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| Internship Preparation | |
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| Selection and Evaluation of an Internship Site | |
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| A Proposed Interview Guide for Intern Applicants | |
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| The Internship Agreement | |
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| Intern Roles and Responsibilities | |
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| Individual Performance Plan | |
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| Beginning Counselor Supervision | |
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| Stages of Internship | |
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| Anticipation | |
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| Disillusionment | |
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| Confrontation | |
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| Competence | |
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| Culmination | |
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| Internship Experience | |
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| Models of Supervision | |
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| Supervisees: What Should I Look for in Supervision? | |
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| Supervisee: How Am I to Be Evaluated? | |
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| Supervisee Resistance | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| References | |
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| The Internship Experience | |
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| Coordination of the Internship | |
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| On-Campus Supervision | |
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| Crisis Intervention | |
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| Crisis Intervention: The Kanel Model | |
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| Crisis Intervention: The Gilliland and James Model | |
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| Crisis Intervention: A Model for Teachers | |
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| Summary | |
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| Psychiatric Medications | |
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| Antidepressant Medications | |
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| Antianxiety Medications | |
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| Antipsychotic Medications | |
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| Lithium | |
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| Special Populations: Psychopharmacological Treatments for Children and Adolescents | |
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| Medication Dosage Schedule | |
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| Brief Therapies | |
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| Solution-Focused Brief Therapy | |
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| Strategic Solution-Focused Therapy | |
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| Major Approaches to Brief Therapy | |
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| Summary | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| References | |
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| Final Evaluation | |
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| Index | |
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| Forms | |
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| Letter to Practicum Site Supervisor | |
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| Practicum Contract | |
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| Student Profile Sheet | |
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| Student Practicum/Internship Agreement | |
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| Tape Critique Form | |
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| Weekly Schedule | |
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| Monthly Practicum Log | |
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| Parental Release Form | |
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| Client Release Form | |
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| Initial Intake Form | |
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| Elementary School Counseling Referral Form | |
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| Secondary School Counseling Referral Form | |
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| Mental Status Checklist | |
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| Psychosocial History | |
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| Therapy Notes | |
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| Therapeutic Progress Report | |
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| Self-Assessment of Basic Helping Skills and Procedural Skills | |
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| Counseling Techniques List | |
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| Self-Rating by the Student Counselor | |
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| Peer Rating Form | |
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| Goal Statement Agreement | |
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| Interviewer Rating Form | |
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| Site Supervisor's Evaluation of Student Counselor's Performance | |
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| Counselor Competency Scale | |
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| Suicide Consultation Form | |
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| Suicide Contract | |
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| Harm to Others Form | |
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| Child Abuse Reporting Form | |
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| Substance Abuse Assessment Form | |
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| Consultation Rating Form | |
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| Intern Site Preselection Data Sheet--School | |
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| Intern Site Preselection Data Sheet--Clinical | |
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| Internship Contract | |
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| Internship Log | |
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| Student Evaluation Form | |
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| Client's Personal/Social Satisfaction With Counseling Assessment | |
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| Student Counselor Evaluation of Supervisor | |
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| Site Evaluation Form | |