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| Introduction | |
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| Icons Used in This Book | |
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| Command Syntax Conventions | |
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| Exterior Gateway Protocols | |
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| Exterior Gateway Protocol | |
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| The Origins of EGP | |
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| Operation of EGP | |
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| EGP Topology Issues | |
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| EGP Functions | |
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| EGP Message Formats | |
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| Shortcomings of EGP | |
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| Configuring EGP | |
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| Case Study: An EGP Stub Gateway | |
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| Case Study: An EGP Core Gateway | |
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| Case Study: Indirect Neighbors | |
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| Case Study: Default Routes | |
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| Troubleshooting EGP | |
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| Interpreting the Neighbor Table | |
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| Case Study: Converging at the Speed of Syrup | |
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| End Notes | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Configuration Exercises | |
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| Troubleshooting Exercise | |
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| Introduction to Border Gateway Protocol 4 | |
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| Classless Interdomain Routing | |
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| A Summarization Summary | |
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| Classless Routing | |
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| Summarization: The Good, the Bad, and the Asymmetric | |
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| The Internet: Still Hierarchical After All These Years | |
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| CIDR: Reducing Routing Table Explosion | |
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| CIDR: Reducing Class B Address Space Depletion | |
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| Difficulties with CIDR | |
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| Who Needs BGP? | |
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| A Single-Homed Autonomous System | |
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| Multihoming to a Single Autonomous System | |
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| Multihoming to Multiple Autonomous Systems | |
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| A Note on "Load Balancing" | |
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| BGP Hazards | |
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| BGP Basics | |
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| BGP Message Types | |
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| The BGP Finite State Machine | |
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| Path Attributes | |
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| Administrative Weight | |
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| AS_SET | |
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| The BGP Decision Process | |
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| Route Dampening | |
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| IBGP and IGP Synchronization | |
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| Managing Large-Scale BGP Peering | |
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| Peer Groups | |
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| Communities | |
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| Route Reflectors | |
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| Confederations | |
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| BGP Message Formats | |
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| The Open Message | |
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| The Update Message | |
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| The Keepalive Message | |
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| The Notification Message | |
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| End Notes | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Configuring and Troubleshooting Border Gateway Protocol 4 | |
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| Basic BGP Configuration | |
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| Case Study: Peering BGP Routers | |
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| Case Study: Injecting IGP Routes into BGP | |
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| Case Study: Injecting BGP Routes into an IGP | |
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| Case Study: IBGP without an IGP | |
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| Case Study: IBGP Over an IGP | |
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| Case Study: EBGP Multihop | |
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| Case Study: Aggregate Routes | |
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| Managing BGP Connections | |
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| Routing Policies | |
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| Resetting BGP Connections | |
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| Case Study: Filtering Routes by NLRI | |
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| Case Study: Filtering Routes by AS_PATH | |
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| Case Study: Filtering with Route Maps | |
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| Case Study: Administrative Weights | |
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| Case Study: Administrative Distances and Backdoor Routes | |
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| Case Study: Using the LOCAL_PREF Attribute | |
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| Case Study: Using the MULTI_EXIT_DISC Attribute | |
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| Case Study: Prepending the AS_PATH | |
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| Case Study: Route Tagging | |
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| Case Study: Route Dampening | |
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| Large-Scale BGP | |
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| Case Study: BGP Peer Groups | |
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| Case Study: BGP Communities | |
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| Case Study: Private AS Numbers | |
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| Case Study: BGP Confederations | |
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| Case Study: Route Reflectors | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Command Summary | |
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| Configuration Exercises | |
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| Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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| Advanced IP Routing Issues | |
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| Network Address Translation | |
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| Operation of NAT | |
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| Basic NAT Concepts | |
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| NAT and IP Address Conservation | |
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| NAT and ISP Migration | |
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| NAT and Multihomed Autonomous Systems | |
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| Port Address Translation | |
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| NAT and TCP Load Distribution | |
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| NAT and Virtual Servers | |
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| NAT Issues | |
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| Header Checksums | |
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| Fragmentation | |
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| Encryption | |
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| Security | |
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| Protocol-Specific Issues | |
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| Configuring NAT | |
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| Case Study: Static NAT | |
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| Case Study: Dynamic NAT | |
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| Case Study: A Network Merger | |
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| Case Study: ISP Multihoming with NAT | |
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| Port Address Translation | |
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| Case Study: TCP Load Balancing | |
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| Case Study: Service Distribution | |
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| Troubleshooting NAT | |
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| End Note | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Command Summary | |
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| Configuration Exercises | |
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| Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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| Introduction to IP Multicast Routing | |
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| Requirements for IP Multicast | |
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| Multicast IP Addresses | |
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| Group Membership Concepts | |
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| Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) | |
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| Cisco Group Membership Protocol (CGMP) | |
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| Multicast Routing Issues | |
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| Multicast Forwarding | |
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| Multicast Routing | |
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| Sparse Versus Dense Topologies | |
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| Implicit Joins Versus Explicit Joins | |
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| Source-Based Trees Versus Shared Trees | |
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| Multicast Scoping | |
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| Operation of the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) | |
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| Neighbor Discovery and Maintenance | |
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| The DVMRP Routing Table | |
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| DVMRP Packet Forwarding | |
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| DVMRP Message Formats | |
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| Operation of Multicast OSPF (MOSPF) | |
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| MOSPF Basics | |
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| Inter-Area MOSPF | |
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| Inter-AS MOSPF | |
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| MOSPF Extension Formats | |
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| Operation of Core-Based Trees (CBT) | |
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| CBT Basics | |
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| Finding the Core | |
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| CBT Designated Routers | |
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| Member and Nonmember Sources | |
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| CBT Message Formats | |
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| Introduction to Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) | |
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| Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast, Dense Mode (PIM-DM) | |
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| PIM-DM Basics | |
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| Prune Overrides | |
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| Unicast Route Changes | |
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| PIM-DM-Designated Routers | |
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| PIM Forwarder Election | |
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| Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast, Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) | |
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| PIM-SM Basics | |
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| Finding the Rendezvous Point | |
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| PIM-SM and Shared Trees | |
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| Source Registration | |
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| PIM-SM and Shortest Path Trees | |
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| PIMv2 Message Formats | |
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| End Notes | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Command Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Configuring and Troubleshooting IP Multicast Routing | |
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| Configuring IP Multicast Routing | |
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| Case Study: Configuring Protocol-Independent Multicast, Dense Mode (PIM-DM) | |
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| Configuring Protocol-Independent Multicast, Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) | |
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| Case Study: Multicast Load Sharing | |
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| Troubleshooting IP Multicast Routing | |
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| Using mrinfo | |
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| Using mtrace and mstat | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Configuration Exercises | |
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| Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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| Large-Scale IP Multicast Routing | |
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| Multicast Scoping | |
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| Case Study: Multicasting Across Non-Multicast Domains | |
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| Connecting to DVMRP Networks | |
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| Inter-AS Multicasting | |
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| Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP (MBGP) | |
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| Operation of Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) | |
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| MSDP Message Formats | |
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| Case Study: Configuring MBGP | |
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| Case Study: Configuring MSDP | |
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| Case Study: MSDP Mesh Groups | |
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| Case Study: Anycast RP | |
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| Case Study: MSDP Default Peers | |
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| Command Summary | |
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| End Notes | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| IP Version 6 | |
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| Design Goals of IPv6 | |
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| Improve Scalability | |
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| Ease of Configuration | |
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| Security | |
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| Current State of IPv6 | |
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| IPv6 Specification (RFCs) | |
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| Vendor Support | |
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| Implementations | |
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| IPv6 Packet Format | |
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| The IPv6 Address | |
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| Address Structure | |
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| IPv6 Header | |
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| IPv6 Functionality | |
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| Enabling IPv6 Capability on a Cisco Router | |
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| ICMPv6 | |
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| Neighbor Discovery | |
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| Autoconfiguration | |
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| Routing | |
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| The Anycast Process | |
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| Multicast | |
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| Quality of Service | |
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| Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 | |
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| Dual Stacks | |
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| DNS | |
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| IPv6 Tunneled in IPv4 | |
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| Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation | |
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| End Notes | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Chapter Bibliography | |
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| Router Management | |
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| Policies and Procedure Definition | |
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| Service Level Agreements | |
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| Change Management | |
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| Escalation Procedures | |
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| Updating Policies | |
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| Simple Network Management Protocol | |
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| Overview of SNMP | |
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| CiscoWorks | |
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| Router Configuration for SNMP | |
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| RMON | |
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| Overview of RMON | |
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| Router Configuration for RMON | |
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| Logging | |
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| Syslog | |
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| Overview of Syslog | |
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| Router Configuration for Syslog | |
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| Network Time Protocol | |
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| Overview of NTP | |
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| Router Configuration for NTP | |
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| Accounting | |
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| IP Accounting | |
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| NetFlow | |
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| Configuration Management | |
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| Fault Management | |
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| Performance Management | |
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| Security Management | |
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| Password Types and Encryption | |
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| Controlling Interactive Access | |
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| Minimizing Risks of Denial-of-Service Attacks | |
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| TACACS+ | |
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| RADIUS | |
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| Secure Shell | |
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| Designing Servers to Support Management Processes | |
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| Network Robustness | |
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| HSRP | |
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| Lab | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| End Notes | |
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| Looking Ahead | |
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| Command Summary | |
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| Review Questions | |
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| Configuration Exercises | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Appendixes | |
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| The show ip BGP neighbors Display | |
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| A Regular-Expression Tutorial | |
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| Literals and Metacharacters | |
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| Delineation: Matching the Start and End of Lines | |
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| Bracketing: Matching a Set of Characters | |
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| Negating: Matching Everything Except a Set of Characters | |
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| Wildcard: Matching Any Single Character | |
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| Alternation: Matching One of a Set of Characters | |
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| Optional Characters: Matching a Character That May or May Not Be There | |
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| Repetition: Matching a Number of Repeating Characters | |
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| Boundaries: Delineating Literals | |
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| Putting It All Together: A Complex Example | |
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| Recommended Reading | |
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| Reserved Multicast Addresses | |
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| Internet Multicast Addresses | |
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| References | |
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| People | |
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| Answers to Review Questions | |
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| Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions | |
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| Answers to Chapter 2 Review Questions | |
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| Answers to Chapter 5 Review Questions | |
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| Answers to Chapter 7 Review Questions | |
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| Answers to Chapter 8 Review Questions | |
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| Answers to Chapter 9 Review Questions | |
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| Answers to Configuration Exercises | |
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| Answers to Chapter 1 Configuration Exercises | |
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| Answers to Chapter 3 Configuration Exercises | |
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| Answers to Chapter 4 Configuration Exercises | |
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| Answers to Chapter 6 Configuration Exercises | |
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| Answers to Chapter 9 Configuration Exercises | |
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| Answers to Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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| Answer to Chapter 1 Troubleshooting Exercise | |
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| Answers to Chapter 3 Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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| Answers to Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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| Answers to Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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| Index | |