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Introduction | |
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Icons Used in This Book | |
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Command Syntax Conventions | |
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Exterior Gateway Protocols | |
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Exterior Gateway Protocol | |
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The Origins of EGP | |
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Operation of EGP | |
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EGP Topology Issues | |
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EGP Functions | |
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EGP Message Formats | |
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Shortcomings of EGP | |
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Configuring EGP | |
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Case Study: An EGP Stub Gateway | |
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Case Study: An EGP Core Gateway | |
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Case Study: Indirect Neighbors | |
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Case Study: Default Routes | |
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Troubleshooting EGP | |
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Interpreting the Neighbor Table | |
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Case Study: Converging at the Speed of Syrup | |
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End Notes | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Review Questions | |
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Configuration Exercises | |
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Troubleshooting Exercise | |
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Introduction to Border Gateway Protocol 4 | |
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Classless Interdomain Routing | |
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A Summarization Summary | |
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Classless Routing | |
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Summarization: The Good, the Bad, and the Asymmetric | |
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The Internet: Still Hierarchical After All These Years | |
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CIDR: Reducing Routing Table Explosion | |
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CIDR: Reducing Class B Address Space Depletion | |
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Difficulties with CIDR | |
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Who Needs BGP? | |
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A Single-Homed Autonomous System | |
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Multihoming to a Single Autonomous System | |
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Multihoming to Multiple Autonomous Systems | |
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A Note on "Load Balancing" | |
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BGP Hazards | |
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BGP Basics | |
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BGP Message Types | |
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The BGP Finite State Machine | |
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Path Attributes | |
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Administrative Weight | |
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AS_SET | |
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The BGP Decision Process | |
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Route Dampening | |
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IBGP and IGP Synchronization | |
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Managing Large-Scale BGP Peering | |
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Peer Groups | |
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Communities | |
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Route Reflectors | |
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Confederations | |
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BGP Message Formats | |
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The Open Message | |
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The Update Message | |
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The Keepalive Message | |
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The Notification Message | |
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End Notes | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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Review Questions | |
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Configuring and Troubleshooting Border Gateway Protocol 4 | |
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Basic BGP Configuration | |
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Case Study: Peering BGP Routers | |
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Case Study: Injecting IGP Routes into BGP | |
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Case Study: Injecting BGP Routes into an IGP | |
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Case Study: IBGP without an IGP | |
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Case Study: IBGP Over an IGP | |
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Case Study: EBGP Multihop | |
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Case Study: Aggregate Routes | |
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Managing BGP Connections | |
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Routing Policies | |
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Resetting BGP Connections | |
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Case Study: Filtering Routes by NLRI | |
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Case Study: Filtering Routes by AS_PATH | |
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Case Study: Filtering with Route Maps | |
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Case Study: Administrative Weights | |
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Case Study: Administrative Distances and Backdoor Routes | |
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Case Study: Using the LOCAL_PREF Attribute | |
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Case Study: Using the MULTI_EXIT_DISC Attribute | |
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Case Study: Prepending the AS_PATH | |
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Case Study: Route Tagging | |
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Case Study: Route Dampening | |
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Large-Scale BGP | |
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Case Study: BGP Peer Groups | |
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Case Study: BGP Communities | |
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Case Study: Private AS Numbers | |
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Case Study: BGP Confederations | |
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Case Study: Route Reflectors | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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Command Summary | |
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Configuration Exercises | |
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Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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Advanced IP Routing Issues | |
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Network Address Translation | |
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Operation of NAT | |
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Basic NAT Concepts | |
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NAT and IP Address Conservation | |
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NAT and ISP Migration | |
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NAT and Multihomed Autonomous Systems | |
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Port Address Translation | |
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NAT and TCP Load Distribution | |
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NAT and Virtual Servers | |
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NAT Issues | |
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Header Checksums | |
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Fragmentation | |
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Encryption | |
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Security | |
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Protocol-Specific Issues | |
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Configuring NAT | |
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Case Study: Static NAT | |
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Case Study: Dynamic NAT | |
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Case Study: A Network Merger | |
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Case Study: ISP Multihoming with NAT | |
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Port Address Translation | |
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Case Study: TCP Load Balancing | |
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Case Study: Service Distribution | |
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Troubleshooting NAT | |
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End Note | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Command Summary | |
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Configuration Exercises | |
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Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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Introduction to IP Multicast Routing | |
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Requirements for IP Multicast | |
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Multicast IP Addresses | |
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Group Membership Concepts | |
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Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) | |
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Cisco Group Membership Protocol (CGMP) | |
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Multicast Routing Issues | |
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Multicast Forwarding | |
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Multicast Routing | |
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Sparse Versus Dense Topologies | |
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Implicit Joins Versus Explicit Joins | |
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Source-Based Trees Versus Shared Trees | |
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Multicast Scoping | |
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Operation of the Distance Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP) | |
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Neighbor Discovery and Maintenance | |
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The DVMRP Routing Table | |
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DVMRP Packet Forwarding | |
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DVMRP Message Formats | |
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Operation of Multicast OSPF (MOSPF) | |
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MOSPF Basics | |
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Inter-Area MOSPF | |
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Inter-AS MOSPF | |
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MOSPF Extension Formats | |
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Operation of Core-Based Trees (CBT) | |
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CBT Basics | |
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Finding the Core | |
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CBT Designated Routers | |
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Member and Nonmember Sources | |
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CBT Message Formats | |
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Introduction to Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) | |
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Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast, Dense Mode (PIM-DM) | |
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PIM-DM Basics | |
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Prune Overrides | |
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Unicast Route Changes | |
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PIM-DM-Designated Routers | |
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PIM Forwarder Election | |
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Operation of Protocol Independent Multicast, Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) | |
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PIM-SM Basics | |
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Finding the Rendezvous Point | |
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PIM-SM and Shared Trees | |
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Source Registration | |
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PIM-SM and Shortest Path Trees | |
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PIMv2 Message Formats | |
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End Notes | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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Command Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Configuring and Troubleshooting IP Multicast Routing | |
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Configuring IP Multicast Routing | |
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Case Study: Configuring Protocol-Independent Multicast, Dense Mode (PIM-DM) | |
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Configuring Protocol-Independent Multicast, Sparse Mode (PIM-SM) | |
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Case Study: Multicast Load Sharing | |
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Troubleshooting IP Multicast Routing | |
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Using mrinfo | |
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Using mtrace and mstat | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Configuration Exercises | |
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Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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Large-Scale IP Multicast Routing | |
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Multicast Scoping | |
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Case Study: Multicasting Across Non-Multicast Domains | |
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Connecting to DVMRP Networks | |
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Inter-AS Multicasting | |
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Multiprotocol Extensions for BGP (MBGP) | |
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Operation of Multicast Source Discovery Protocol (MSDP) | |
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MSDP Message Formats | |
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Case Study: Configuring MBGP | |
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Case Study: Configuring MSDP | |
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Case Study: MSDP Mesh Groups | |
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Case Study: Anycast RP | |
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Case Study: MSDP Default Peers | |
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Command Summary | |
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End Notes | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Review Questions | |
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IP Version 6 | |
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Design Goals of IPv6 | |
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Improve Scalability | |
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Ease of Configuration | |
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Security | |
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Current State of IPv6 | |
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IPv6 Specification (RFCs) | |
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Vendor Support | |
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Implementations | |
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IPv6 Packet Format | |
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The IPv6 Address | |
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Address Structure | |
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IPv6 Header | |
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IPv6 Functionality | |
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Enabling IPv6 Capability on a Cisco Router | |
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ICMPv6 | |
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Neighbor Discovery | |
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Autoconfiguration | |
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Routing | |
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The Anycast Process | |
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Multicast | |
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Quality of Service | |
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Transition from IPv4 to IPv6 | |
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Dual Stacks | |
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DNS | |
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IPv6 Tunneled in IPv4 | |
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Network Address Translation - Protocol Translation | |
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End Notes | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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Review Questions | |
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Chapter Bibliography | |
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Router Management | |
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Policies and Procedure Definition | |
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Service Level Agreements | |
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Change Management | |
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Escalation Procedures | |
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Updating Policies | |
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Simple Network Management Protocol | |
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Overview of SNMP | |
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CiscoWorks | |
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Router Configuration for SNMP | |
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RMON | |
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Overview of RMON | |
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Router Configuration for RMON | |
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Logging | |
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Syslog | |
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Overview of Syslog | |
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Router Configuration for Syslog | |
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Network Time Protocol | |
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Overview of NTP | |
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Router Configuration for NTP | |
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Accounting | |
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IP Accounting | |
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NetFlow | |
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Configuration Management | |
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Fault Management | |
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Performance Management | |
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Security Management | |
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Password Types and Encryption | |
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Controlling Interactive Access | |
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Minimizing Risks of Denial-of-Service Attacks | |
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TACACS+ | |
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RADIUS | |
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Secure Shell | |
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Designing Servers to Support Management Processes | |
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Network Robustness | |
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HSRP | |
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Lab | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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End Notes | |
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Looking Ahead | |
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Command Summary | |
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Review Questions | |
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Configuration Exercises | |
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Bibliography | |
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Appendixes | |
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The show ip BGP neighbors Display | |
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A Regular-Expression Tutorial | |
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Literals and Metacharacters | |
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Delineation: Matching the Start and End of Lines | |
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Bracketing: Matching a Set of Characters | |
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Negating: Matching Everything Except a Set of Characters | |
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Wildcard: Matching Any Single Character | |
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Alternation: Matching One of a Set of Characters | |
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Optional Characters: Matching a Character That May or May Not Be There | |
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Repetition: Matching a Number of Repeating Characters | |
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Boundaries: Delineating Literals | |
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Putting It All Together: A Complex Example | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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Reserved Multicast Addresses | |
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Internet Multicast Addresses | |
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References | |
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People | |
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Answers to Review Questions | |
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Answers to Chapter 1 Review Questions | |
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Answers to Chapter 2 Review Questions | |
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Answers to Chapter 5 Review Questions | |
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Answers to Chapter 7 Review Questions | |
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Answers to Chapter 8 Review Questions | |
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Answers to Chapter 9 Review Questions | |
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Answers to Configuration Exercises | |
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Answers to Chapter 1 Configuration Exercises | |
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Answers to Chapter 3 Configuration Exercises | |
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Answers to Chapter 4 Configuration Exercises | |
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Answers to Chapter 6 Configuration Exercises | |
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Answers to Chapter 9 Configuration Exercises | |
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Answers to Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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Answer to Chapter 1 Troubleshooting Exercise | |
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Answers to Chapter 3 Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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Answers to Chapter 4 Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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Answers to Chapter 6 Troubleshooting Exercises | |
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Index | |