List of Figures | p. xiii |
Preface | p. xv |
Acknowledgments | p. xvii |
Introduction | p. xix |
Purpose and Scope | p. xix |
Physiographic Regions of South Carolina | p. xxi |
Nature of the Flora | p. xxiii |
What are Wildflowers? | p. xxiv |
Conservation of Native Wildflowers | p. xxv |
Collecting Native Wildflowers | p. xxvii |
How to Use this Field Guide | p. xxviii |
Origins of Plant Names | p. xxxi |
Notes on Wildflower Photography | p. xxxiv |
Rarity of Vascular Plants | p. xxxv |
Pronunciation Guide to Scientific Names | p. xxxvii |
Natural History of Selected Groups of Vascular Plants | p. 1 |
Carnivorous Plants | p. 1 |
Native Orchids | p. 5 |
Poisonous Plants | p. 7 |
Woody Vines | p. 8 |
Epiphytic Vascular Plants | p. 10 |
Saprophytic Vascular Plants and Mycotrophy | p. 11 |
Parasitic Vascular Plants | p. 12 |
Medicinal Plants and Folk Remedies | p. 13 |
Edible Wild Plants | p. 17 |
Naturalized Plants | p. 19 |
Duckweeds | p. 21 |
History of Field Botany in South Carolina | p. 23 |
The Colonial Period: 1670-1785 | p. 24 |
The Antebellum Period: 1785-1860 | p. 26 |
The Civil War and the Postbellum Period: 1860-1900 | p. 31 |
1900-1952: the Beginning of Modern Field Botany | p. 33 |
1952-1983: the Wade Thomas Batson Era in South Carolina | p. 36 |
Field Botany Today in South Carolina | p. 38 |
Selected Topics on Natural History and Ecology | p. 39 |
Succession in Natural Communities | p. 39 |
Fire in the South Carolina Landscape | p. 41 |
Carolina Bays of the Coastal Plain | p. 43 |
Reproductive Strategies of Vascular Plants | p. 46 |
Economic and Cultural Notes | p. 50 |
Longleaf Pine and the Naval Stores Industry | p. 54 |
Agriculture and Forestry: Effects on South Carolina's Physical Landscape | p. 56 |
Marshes, Swamps, Peatlands, Bogs, and Fens | p. 65 |
South Carolina's Natural Wildflower Communities | p. 69 |
The Mountains | p. 69 |
The Granitic Dome Community | p. 69 |
Granitic Domes | p. 69 |
The Spray Cliffs Community | p. 70 |
Spray Cliffs | p. 70 |
The Seepage Communities | p. 71 |
Cataract Bogs | p. 71 |
Montane Bogs | p. 71 |
The Rocky Streamsides Community | p. 72 |
Rocky Streamsides | p. 72 |
The Deciduous Forest Communities | p. 73 |
Cove Forests | p. 73 |
Chestnut Oak Forests | p. 74 |
Woodland Margins | p. 75 |
Montane Oak-Hickory Forests | p. 76 |
The Evergreen Forest Communities | p. 76 |
Canada Hemlock Forests | p. 76 |
Pine-Oak Heaths | p. 77 |
The Piedmont | p. 78 |
The Granitic Flatrocks Community | p. 78 |
Granitic Flatrocks | p. 78 |
The Rocky Shoals Community | p. 79 |
Rocky Shoals | p. 79 |
The Deciduous Forest Communities | p. 80 |
Basic-Mesic Forests | p. 80 |
Beech Forests | p. 81 |
Oak-Hickory Forests | p. 82 |
Piedmont Xeric Hardpan Forests | p. 83 |
The Piedmont Springhead Seepage Forest Community | p. 84 |
Piedmont Springhead Seepage Forests | p. 84 |
The Bottomland Forest Communities | p. 85 |
Bottomland Forests | p. 85 |
The Fall-Line Sandhills | p. 86 |
The Xeric Communities | p. 86 |
Longleaf Pine-Scrub Oak Sandhills | p. 86 |
Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Sandhills | p. 87 |
The Sandhills Seepage Communities | p. 88 |
Streamhead Pocosins | p. 88 |
Herbaceous Seepages | p. 88 |
Atlantic White-Cedar Forests | p. 89 |
The Coastal Plain | p. 89 |
The Pine Communities | p. 89 |
Longleaf Pine Flatwoods | p. 89 |
Pine/Saw Palmetto Flatwoods | p. 90 |
Longleaf Pine Savannas | p. 91 |
Longleaf Pine-Turkey Oak Xeric Ridges | p. 92 |
The Sandy, Dry, Open Woodlands Community | p. 93 |
Sandy, Dry, Open Woodlands | p. 93 |
The Calcareous Forest Communities | p. 93 |
Calcareous Bluff Forests | p. 93 |
Wet, Flat, Calcareous Forests | p. 94 |
The Bottomland Forest Communities | p. 94 |
Bald Cypress-Tupelo Gum Swamp Forests | p. 95 |
Hardwood Bottom Forests | p. 95 |
Levee Forests | p. 96 |
The Peatland Community | p. 97 |
Pocosins | p. 97 |
The Pond Cypress Communities | p. 98 |
Pond Cypress Savannas | p. 98 |
Pond Cypress-Swamp Gum Upland Swamps | p. 99 |
The Freshwater Marsh Communities | p. 99 |
Tidal Freshwater Marshes | p. 99 |
Inland Freshwater Marshes | p. 100 |
The Freshwater Floating Aquatics Community | p. 100 |
Freshwater Floating Aquatics | p. 100 |
The Depression Meadow Community | p. 101 |
Depression Meadows | p. 101 |
The Maritime Strand | p. 102 |
The Maritime Communities | p. 102 |
Coastal Beaches | p. 102 |
Coastal Dunes | p. 102 |
Maritime Forests | p. 103 |
Salt Marshes | p. 104 |
Salt Flats | p. 104 |
Maritime Shell Forests | p. 105 |
Species Descriptions and Color Plates | p. 107 |
The Mountains | p. 107 |
The Piedmont | p. 170 |
The Fall-Line Sandhills | p. 225 |
The Coastal Plain | p. 245 |
The Maritime Strand | p. 343 |
The Ruderal Communities | p. 365 |
Field Guide to Natural Plant Communities | p. 409 |
The Mountains | p. 409 |
Greenville County | p. 409 |
Caesar's Head State Park (Raven Cliff Falls Trail to Raven Cliff Falls Overlook) | p. 409 |
Eva Russell Chandler Heritage Preserve | p. 409 |
Watson Heritage Preserve (Mathews Creek Bog) | p. 410 |
Mountain Bridge Trails | p. 411 |
Table Rock State Park | p. 414 |
Oconee County | p. 416 |
Buzzard Roost Heritage Preserve | p. 416 |
Sumter National Forest: Andrew Pickens District | p. 417 |
Pickens County | p. 420 |
Foothills Trail (Laurel Valley-Laurel Fork Falls) | p. 420 |
Jocassee Gorges (Lower Eastatoe Creek Bluffs) | p. 422 |
The Piedmont | p. 422 |
Abbeville County | p. 422 |
Sumter National Forest: Long Cane-Edgefield Districts | p. 422 |
Aiken County | p. 424 |
Savannah River Bluffs Heritage Preserve | p. 424 |
Chester County | p. 425 |
Landsford Canal State Park | p. 425 |
Greenville County | p. 426 |
Bunched Arrowhead Heritage Preserve | p. 426 |
Lancaster County | p. 427 |
Flat Creek Heritage Preserve (Forty Acre Rock) | p. 427 |
Laurens County | p. 428 |
Sumter National Forest: Tyger and Enoree Districts | p. 428 |
McCormick County | p. 430 |
Stevens Creek Heritage Preserve | p. 430 |
Sumter National Forest: Long Cane-Edgefield Districts | p. 431 |
Pickens County | p. 432 |
Glassy Mountain Heritage Preserve | p. 432 |
Union County | p. 434 |
Sumter National Forest: Tyger and Enoree Districts | p. 434 |
York County | p. 435 |
Rock Hill Blackjacks Heritage Preserve | p. 435 |
The Fall-Line Sandhills | p. 436 |
Chesterfield County | p. 436 |
Cheraw State Park (Hudsonia Flats) | p. 436 |
Sandhills State Forest (Sugarloaf and Horseshoe Mountains) | p. 436 |
Carolina Sandhills National Wildlife Refuge | p. 437 |
Lexington County | p. 439 |
Peachtree Rock Nature Preserve | p. 439 |
Shealy's Pond Heritage Preserve | p. 439 |
The Coastal Plain | p. 440 |
Aiken County | p. 440 |
Aiken Gopher Tortoise Heritage Preserve | p. 440 |
Bamberg County | p. 441 |
Cathedral Bay Heritage Preserve | p. 441 |
Barnwell County | p. 442 |
Craig Pond | p. 442 |
Beaufort County | p. 442 |
Victoria Bluff Heritage Preserve | p. 442 |
Berkeley County | p. 443 |
Francis Marion National Forest | p. 443 |
Old Santee Canal Park | p. 444 |
Wadboo Creek Calcareous Bluff Forest | p. 445 |
Charleston County | p. 445 |
Francis Marion National Forest | p. 445 |
Santee Coastal Reserve | p. 446 |
Clarendon County | p. 447 |
Bennett's Bay | p. 447 |
Dillion County | p. 447 |
Little Pee Dee State Park | p. 447 |
Dorchester County | p. 448 |
Francis Beidler Forest | p. 448 |
Georgetown County | p. 448 |
Samworth Wildlife Management Area and Great Pee Dee River | p. 448 |
Hampton County | p. 449 |
Webb Wildlife Center | p. 449 |
Horry County | p. 449 |
Cartwheel Bay Heritage Preserve | p. 449 |
Lewis Ocean Bay Heritage Preserve | p. 450 |
Little Pee Dee River Heritage Preserve (Vaughan Tract) | p. 450 |
Jasper County | p. 451 |
Tillman Sand Ridge Heritage Preserve | p. 451 |
Kershaw County | p. 451 |
Savage Bay Heritage Preserve | p. 451 |
Lee County | p. 452 |
Longleaf Pine Heritage Preserve | p. 452 |
Orangeburg County | p. 452 |
Santee State Park | p. 452 |
Sumter County | p. 453 |
Woods Bay State Park | p. 453 |
The Maritime Strand | p. 453 |
Charleston County | p. 453 |
Accreted Beach at Sullivan's Island | p. 453 |
Beachwalker County Park | p. 454 |
Colleton County | p. 454 |
Edisto Beach State Park | p. 454 |
St. Helena Sound Heritage Preserve (Otter Island) | p. 454 |
Glossary | p. 457 |
South Carolina Herbariums | p. 471 |
Keys to Heartleafs, Rhododendrons, and Trilliums of South Carolina | p. 473 |
Illustrations of Plant Structures | p. 477 |
General References | p. 481 |
Literature Cited | p. 491 |
Index of Scientific Plant Names | p. 495 |
Index of Common Plant Names | p. 509 |
General Index | p. 531 |
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