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| Product Development--Product Formation--Rapid Product Development | |
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| New Demands--New Processes | |
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| Changing Conditions for Product Development--Critical Factors Affecting Success | |
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| Consequences for Product Development | |
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| Critical Factors for Success and Competitive Strategies | |
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| The Key Factor of Time | |
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| Simultaneous Engineering--Concurrent Engineering | |
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| Classical Steps of Product Development | |
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| Requirements for New Product-Development Strategies | |
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| The Principle of Simultaneous Engineering | |
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| Models | |
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| Model Classes | |
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| Influence of Models to Speed Up Product Development | |
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| Model Making by Rapid Prototyping as an Element of Simultaneous Engineering | |
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| Rapid Prototyping Models as Guarantors of a Defined Database | |
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| Definition: Rapid Prototyping--Rapid Tooling--Rapid Manufacturing | |
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| Relating Rapid Prototyping Models to Product Development Phases | |
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| Characteristics of Generative Manufacturing Processes | |
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| Basic Principles of Rapid Prototyping Processes | |
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| Generation of Layer Information | |
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| Description of the Geometry by a 3D Data Record | |
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| Data Flow | |
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| Modeling 3D Bodies in a Computer by Means of 3D CAD | |
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| Generation of Geometrical Layer Information on Single Layers | |
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| Projection of Geometrical Layer Information on the Layer | |
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| Generation of the Physical Layer Model | |
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| Solidification of Liquid Materials Photopolymerization--Stereolithography (SL) | |
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| Generation from the Solid Phase | |
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| Melting and Solidification of Powders and Granules--Laser Sintering (LS) | |
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| Cutting from Foils--Layer Laminate Manufacturing (LLM) | |
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| Melting and Solidification Out of the Solid Phase--Fused Layer Modeling (FLM) | |
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| Conglutination of Granules and Binders--3D Printing | |
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| Solidification from the Gaseous Phase--Laser Chemical Vapor Deposition (LCVD) | |
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| Other Processes | |
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| Classification of Generative Production Processes | |
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| Summarizing Evaluation of the Theoretical Potentials of Rapid Prototyping Processes | |
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| Industrial Rapid Prototyping Systems | |
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| Rapid Prototyping Process Chain | |
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| Data Technique | |
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| Prototyper | |
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| Photopolymerization--Stereolithography (SL) | |
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| Machine Specific Basic Principles | |
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| StereoLithography Apparatus (SLA)--3D Systems | |
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| STEREOS--EOS | |
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| Stereolithography--Fockele & Schwarze (F&S) | |
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| Solid Ground Curing--Cubital | |
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| Micro-stereolithography--MicroTEC | |
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| Stereolithography--EnvisionTechnologies | |
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| Stereolithography--PolyJet--Objet | |
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| Laser Sintering | |
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| Machine-Specific Basic Principles | |
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| Selective Laser Sintering--3D Systems / DTM | |
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| Laser Sintering--EOS | |
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| Selective Laser Melting--Fockele & Schwarze | |
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| Laser Cusing, Concept Laser | |
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| Layer Laminate Manufacturing (LLM) | |
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| Machine-Specific Basic Principles | |
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| Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM)--Cubic Technologies / Helisys | |
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| Rapid Prototyping System--Kinergy | |
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| Selective Adhesive and Hot Press Process (SAHP)--Kira | |
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| JP Systems 5--Schroff Development Corp | |
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| Layer Milling Process (LMP)--Zimmermann | |
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| Stratoconception--Charlyrobot | |
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| Stratified Object Manufacturing (SOM)--ERATZ/MEC | |
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| Extrusion Processes | |
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| Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM)--Stratasys | |
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| Multiphase Jet Solidification (MJS)--ITP | |
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| 3D Plotter--Stratasys | |
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| ModelMaker--Solidscape / Sanders Prototype, Inc. | |
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| Multijet Modeling (MJM)--3D Systems | |
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| Three-Dimensional Printing (3DP) Processes | |
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| Rapid Prototyping System--Z Corporation | |
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| Rapid Tooling System--ExtrudeHone | |
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| Direct Shell Production Casting (DSPC)--Soligen | |
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| Laser Generation | |
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| Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)--Optomec | |
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| Conventional Prototype Processes and Hybrid Processes | |
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| Conventional Processes: High-Speed Cutting (HSC) | |
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| Hybrid Processes: Controlled Metal Buildup (CMB) | |
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| Comparison of Rapid Prototyping Processes and Conventional Processes | |
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| Summarizing Evaluation of Rapid Prototyping Processes | |
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| Model Accuracy | |
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| Surfaces | |
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| Benchmark Tests and User Parts | |
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| Comparative Evaluation of Prototypers for Functional Prototypes by Comparing Build Chambers, Accuracy, and Build Times | |
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| Categorization of Prototypers in Model Classes | |
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| Development Targets | |
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| Follow-Up Processes | |
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| Target Material Plastic | |
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| Target Material Metal | |
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| Rapid Tooling | |
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| Principal Ways to Metal Tools | |
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| Metal Tools Based on Plastic Rapid Prototyping Models | |
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| Precision Casting of Rapid Prototyping Master Models | |
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| Castings from Stereolithography Models | |
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| Direct Use of Stereolithography | |
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| Indirect Use of Stereolithography | |
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| Metal Tools Based on Plastic Rapid Prototyping Processes | |
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| Metal Tools Based on Metal Rapid Prototyping Processes | |
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| Multi-Component Metal Powder LASER Sintering | |
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| Single-Component Metal Powder Laser Sintering | |
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| Laser Generation | |
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| Summary and Perspectives | |
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| Applications | |
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| Rapid Prototyping in Industrial Product Development | |
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| Example: Pump Housing | |
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| Example: Office Lamp | |
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| Example: Integrated Lamp Socket | |
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| Example: Model Digger Arm | |
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| Example: LCD Projector | |
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| Example: Capillary Bottom for Flower Pots | |
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| Example: Casing for a Coffeemaker | |
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| Example: Intake Manifold of a Four-Cylinder Engine | |
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| Rapid Tooling in Industrial Product Development | |
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| Example: Turbocharger Casing | |
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| Example: Two-Piece Electric Connector | |
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| Example: Injection Mold Headlight Dipper Arm | |
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| Example: Permanent Mold for Precision Casting Models | |
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| Rapid Prototyping for the Evaluation of Calculating Methods | |
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| Models to Be Used in Calculating Methods--General | |
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| Example: Photoelastic Stress Analysis for a Cam Rod of a Truck Engine | |
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| Example: Thermoelastic Stress Analysis for Verifying the Stability of a Car Wheel Rim | |
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| Rapid Prototyping in Medicine | |
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| Anatomic Facsimile Models | |
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| Taylored Implants | |
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| Characteristics of Medical Models | |
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| Example: Anatomic Facsimilies for a Reconstructive Osteotomy | |
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| Example: Covering of a Cranium Defect by Titanium Implant (Cranioplasty) | |
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| Rapid Prototyping in Art, Archaeology and Architecture | |
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| Model Making in Art and Design | |
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| Example Art: Computer Sculpture, Georg Gluckman | |
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| Example Design: Bottle Opener | |
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| Example Archaeology: Bust of Queen Teje | |
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| Model Building in Architecture | |
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| Example Architecture: German Pavilion at Expo '92 | |
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| Example Architecture: House building Project | |
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| Economic Aspects | |
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| Strategic Aspects | |
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| Operative Aspects | |
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| Establishing the Optimal Rapid Prototyping Process or Processes | |
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| Establishing the Costs of Rapid Prototyping Processes | |
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| Service | |
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| Make or Buy? | |
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| Future Rapid Prototyping Processes | |
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| Selected Trends in Material Development | |
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| Application: Precision Casting | |
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| Application: Simulation of Series Materials | |
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| Selected Trends of Process Development | |
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| Laser Sintering of One-Component Materials | |
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| Laser Sintering in a Powder Bed--Selective Laser Powder Remelting (SLPR) | |
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| Process Principle | |
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| Characteristics of Quality | |
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| Examples of Applications | |
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| Laser Generation | |
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| Principle of Process | |
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| Quality Characteristics | |
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| Examples of Application | |
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| Appendix | |
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| Economic Model by Siegwart and Singer | |
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| Properties and Technical Data of Rapid Prototyping Systems and -Materials | |
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| Abbreviations | |
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| References, Bibliography | |
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| Index | |