| |
| |
| Chronology of Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Origins of Natural Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pre-Socratics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Plato | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Republic | |
| |
| |
| |
| Timaeus | |
| |
| |
| |
| Aristotle | |
| |
| |
| |
| Posterior Analytics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Prior Analytics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Physics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Euclid, The Elements | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lucretius, On the Nature of Things | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Roman Era and the Rise of Islam | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ptolemy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Almagest | |
| |
| |
| |
| Geography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Galen, On the Therapeutic Method | |
| |
| |
| |
| Pliny the Elder, Natural History | |
| |
| |
| |
| Boethius, "On Arithmetic" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Geber, Alchemy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ibn Rushd (Averroes), Commentary on Aristotle | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ibn Sina (Avicenna) | |
| |
| |
| |
| "On the formation of Minerals and Metals and the Impossibility of Alchemy" | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Canon" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Al-Khwarizmi, "Six Types of Rhetorical Algebraic Equations" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Al-Ghazali, Tahafut Al-Falasifah [Incoherence of the Philosophers] | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maimonides, The Guide for the Perplexed | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Revival of Natural Philosophy in Western Europe | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alcuin, The Rhetoric of Alcuin and Charlemagne | |
| |
| |
| |
| Albertus Magnus, "On the Material, Hardness, and Fissility of Stones" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thomas Aquinas, "Questions I-IV of his Commentary on the De Trinitate of Boethius" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Jean Buridan, "The Impetus Theory of Projectile Motion" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Robert Grosseteste, "On the Rainbow" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Theodoric of Freiberg, "On the Rainbow" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nicole Oresme, Geometry of Qualities and Motions | |
| |
| |
| |
| William of Ockham | |
| |
| |
| |
| Theory of Terms: Summa Logicae (Part I) | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Questions on Aristotle's Physics" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Johannes Sacrobosco, The Sphere | |
| |
| |
| |
| Science in the Renaissance: The Courtly Philosophers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Nicolas Copernicus, On the Revolutions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Galileo Galilei | |
| |
| |
| |
| Two New Sciences | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Letter to the Grand Duchess Christina" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Johannes Kepler, The Harmony of the World | |
| |
| |
| |
| Paracelsus, Ioatrochemistry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Andreas Vesalius, The Epitome of De Fabrica Corporis Humanis | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Scientific Revolution: Contested Theory | |
| |
| |
| |
| Francis Bacon | |
| |
| |
| |
| The New Atlantis | |
| |
| |
| |
| The New Organon | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rene Descartes, Discourse on the Method of Rightly Conducting One's Reason and of Seeking Truth in the Sciences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Margaret Lucas Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, Grounds of Natural Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Isaac Newton | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Principia Mathematica | |
| |
| |
| |
| Opticks | |
| |
| |
| |
| William Harvey, The Circulation of the Blood | |
| |
| |
| |
| Robert Boyle, The Skeptical Chymist | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Enlightenment and Enterprise | |
| |
| |
| |
| Denis Diderot, "The Arts" from Encyclopedie | |
| |
| |
| |
| Count Francesco Algarotti, Sir Isaac Newton's Philosophy explain'd for the Use of the Ladies | |
| |
| |
| |
| Jean-Antoine-Nicolas de Caritat, Marquis de Condorcet, Selected Writings | |
| |
| |
| |
| Joseph Priestley, Considerations on the Doctrine of Phlogiston and the Decomposition of Water | |
| |
| |
| |
| Antoine Lavoisier, Elements of Chemistry | |
| |
| |
| |
| Benjamin Franklin, Experiments and Observations on Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Caroline Herschel, Autobiographies | |
| |
| |
| |
| John Playfair, Illustrations of the Huttonian Theory of the Earth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mungo Park, Travels into the Interior of Africa | |
| |
| |
| |
| Science and Empire | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alexander von Humboldt, Cosmos | |
| |
| |
| |
| Georges Cuvier, Essay on the Theory of the Earth | |
| |
| |
| |
| Jean Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet, Chevalier de Lamarck, Zoological Philosophy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Charles Babbage, Reflections on the Decline of Science in England | |
| |
| |
| |
| Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species | |
| |
| |
| |
| Francis Galton, Hereditary Genius: An Inquiry into its Laws and Consequences | |
| |
| |
| |
| Herbert Spencer, The Principles of Sociology | |
| |
| |
| |
| Louis Pasteur, Studies on Fermentation | |
| |
| |
| |
| William Thomson Kelvin, 1st Baron, "Review of Evidence Regarding the Physical Condition of the Earth" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Dmitri Ivanovitch Mendeleev, The Principles of Chemistry | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Death of Certainty: Science and War | |
| |
| |
| |
| Count Benjamin Thompson Rumford, An Experimental Inquiry Concerning the Source of the Heat which is Excited by Friction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity | |
| |
| |
| |
| James Clerk Maxwell, A Dynamical Theory of Electromagnetic Field | |
| |
| |
| |
| J.J. Thomson, "Carriers of Negative Electricity" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Amedeo Avogadro, "Essay on a Manner of Determining the Relative Masses of the Elementary Molecules of Bodies and the Proportions in which they enter into these Compounds" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ernest Rutherford, The Newer Alchemy | |
| |
| |
| |
| Marie Sklodowska Curie | |
| |
| |
| |
| Radioactive Substances | |
| |
| |
| |
| Eve Curie, Madame Curie: A Biography | |
| |
| |
| |
| L.F. Haber, The Poisonous Cloud: Chemical Warfare in the First World War | |
| |
| |
| |
| Albert Einstein | |
| |
| |
| |
| "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies" | |
| |
| |
| |
| "What is the Theory of Relativity?" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sigmund Freud, The Ego and the Id | |
| |
| |
| |
| Entering the Atomic Age | |
| |
| |
| |
| Gregor Mendel, Experiments in Plant Hybridisation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Thomas Hunt Morgan, The Scientific Basis of Evolution | |
| |
| |
| |
| Erwin Schrodinger, "The Present Situation in Quantum Mechanics" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Lise Meitner and Otto R. Frisch | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Disintegration of Uranium by Neutrons: A New Type of Nuclear Reaction" | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Products of the Fission of the Uranium Nucleus" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Committee on Political and Social Problems, Manhattan Project, "Franck Report" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Robert Oppenheimer, "Atomic Explosives [May 1946]" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Erwin Schrodinger, What is Life? The Physical Aspects of the Living Cell | |
| |
| |
| |
| John D. Watson and Francis H. Crick, "Molecular Structure of Nucleic Acids: A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Barbara McClintock, "The Significance of Responses of the Genome to Challenge" | |
| |
| |
| |
| 1957: The Year the World Became a Planet | |
| |
| |
| |
| John F. Kennedy, "Special Message to the Congress on Urgent National Needs" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sydney Chapman, "Introduction to the History of the First International Polar Year" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Sir Harold Spencer Jones, "The Inception and Development of the International Geophysical Year" | |
| |
| |
| |
| J. Tuzo Wilson | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Hypothesis of Earth's Behaviour" | |
| |
| |
| |
| "A New Class of Faults and Their Bearing on Continental Drift" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vannevar Bush, Modern Arms and Free Men | |
| |
| |
| |
| Fred Hoyle, The Nature of the Universe | |
| |
| |
| |
| Man on the Moon, Microwave in the Kitchen | |
| |
| |
| |
| Margaret Sanger | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Autobiography | |
| |
| |
| |
| "Birth Control and Racial Betterment" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Charles Babbage, "Of the Analytical Engine" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Alan Turing, "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" | |
| |
| |
| |
| Rachel Carson, Silent Spring | |
| |
| |
| |
| Human Genome Project, "Mission Statement" | |
| |
| |
| |
| UNESCO, "Universal Declaration on the Human Genome and Human Rights" | |
| |
| |
| |
| US Supreme Court, Diamond v. Chakrabarty, 447 US 303 (1980) | |
| |
| |
| Bibliography | |
| |
| |
| Sources | |
| |
| |
| Index of Topics | |