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| Basic Topics | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Pharmacoeconomics-What Is It? | |
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| Why Is Pharmacoeconomics Important? | |
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| Relationship of Pharmacoeconomics to Other Research | |
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| Types of Pharmacoeconomic Studies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Measuring and Estimating Costs | |
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| Costing Terms | |
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| Cost Categorization | |
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| Alternative Method of Categorization | |
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| Perspective | |
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| Timing Adjustments for Costs | |
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| Resources for Cost Estimations | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Critiquing Research Articles | |
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| Appropriateness of Methods of Analysis | |
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| Questions to Use When Critiquing Research Articles | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Cost-Minimization Analysis | |
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| Overview | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composite Article: CMA-Anti-nausea | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Cost-Effectiveness Analysis | |
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| Overview | |
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| Presentation of Costs and Effectiveness | |
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| Cost-Effectiveness Grid II11T | |
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| Cost-Effectiveness Plane | |
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| Intermediate Outcomes versus Primary Outcomes | |
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| Efficacy versus Effectiveness | |
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| Consensus and Debate | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composite Article 1: CEA-Asthma | |
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| Composite Article 2: CEA-Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure | |
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| Questions/Exercise | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Cost-Utility Analysis | |
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| Overview | |
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| Steps in Calculating QALYs | |
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| Trends in CUA Analyses | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composite Article 1: CUA-Oncology | |
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| Composite Article 2: CUA-Immunosuppression | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Cost-Benefit Analysis | |
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| Definition and History | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Cost-Benefit Analysis | |
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| Conducting a CBA | |
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| Difference between Costs and Benefits | |
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| Measuring Indirect and Intangible Benefits | |
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| Calculating Results of Costs and Benefits | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composite Article 1: CBA-Vaccination | |
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| Composite Article 2: CBA-Alzheimer's Disease | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Health-Related Quality of Life: Health Status Measures | |
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| Definitions | |
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| HRQoL Measures versus Utility Measures | |
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| Domains of Health Status | |
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| Assessing HRQoL Instruments | |
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| Pharmacoeconomics and HRQoL Measures | |
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| Preference-Based Classification Systems | |
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| Patient-Reported Outcomes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composite Article 1: HRQoL- Rheumatoid Arthritis | |
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| Composite Article 2: HRQoL-Chronic Low Back Pain | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References 16S | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Advanced Topics | |
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| Decision Analysis | |
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| What Is Decision Analysis? | |
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| Steps in Decision Analysis | |
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| Threshold Analysis | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composite Article 1: Decision Analysis-Migraine | |
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| Composite Article 2: Decision Analysis-Erectile Dysfunction | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Markov Modeling | |
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| Overview | |
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| Steps in Markov Modeling | |
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| Disadvantages of Markov Modeling | |
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| Advanced Issues | |
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| Other Advanced Topics | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composite Article 1: Markov Modeling-Initiation of HIV Therapy | |
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| Answers | |
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| Composite Article 2: Markov Modeling-Phosphate Binders | |
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| Answers | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Retrospective Databases | |
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| Overview of Retrospective Databases | |
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| Randomized, Controlled Trials | |
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| Observational Studies | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of RCTs | |
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| Advantages and Disadvantages of Observational Studies | |
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| Types of Retrospective Databases | |
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| Insurance and Claims Records | |
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| Critiquing Retrospective Database Studies | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composite Article 1: Retrospective Database-COPD | |
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| Composite Article 2: Retrospective Database-Bisphosphonates | |
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| Questions/Exercise | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Pharmacy Services | |
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| What Are Pharmacy Services? | |
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| History of Pharmacy Services | |
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| Review of the Research | |
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| Issues in Valuing Pharmacy Services | |
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| Medicare Medication Therapy Management | |
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| Summary | |
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| Composite Article: Pharmacy Services | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| International Perspective | |
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| Health Care Expenditures | |
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| Comparability of Pharmacoeconomic Results between Countries | |
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| History of Pharmacoeconomic Guideline Development | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Future Issues | |
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| Application of Pharmacoeconomies in the United Stares | |
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| Federal Agencies | |
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| Private Health Care Plans | |
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| Barriers to Pharmacoeconomies in the United States | |
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| Other Future Issues | |
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| Summary | |
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| Questions/Exercises | |
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| References | |
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| Suggested Readings | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Index | |