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| Preface and Acknowledgements | |
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| How to Use this Book | |
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| Fuel Metabolism and Nutrition: Basic Principles | |
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| Metabolic Fuels and Dietary Components | |
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| The Fed or Absorptive State | |
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| Fasting | |
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| Prolonged Fasting (Starvation) | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Basic Aspects of Biochemistry: Organic Chemistry, Acid-Base Chemistry, Amino Acids, Protein Structure and Function, and Enzyme Kinetics | |
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| A Brief Review of Organic Chemistry | |
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| Acids, Bases, and Buffers | |
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| Amino Acids and Peptide Bonds | |
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| Protein Structure | |
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| Enzymes | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Gene Expression (Transcription), Synthesis of Proteins (Translation), and Regulation of Gene Expression | |
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| Nucleic Acid Structure | |
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| Synthesis of DNA (Replication) | |
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| Synthesis of RNA (Transcription) | |
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| Protein Synthesis (Translation of mRNA) | |
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| Regulation of Protein Synthesis | |
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| Recombinant DNA and Medicine | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Cell Biology, Signal Transduction, and the Molecular Biology of Cancer | |
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| Compartmentation in Cells; Cell Biology and Biochemistry | |
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| Cell Signaling by Chemical Messengers | |
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| The Molecular Biology of Cancer | |
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| Cancer and Apoptosis | |
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| Cancer Requires Multiple Mutations | |
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| Viruses and Human Cancer | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Generation of ATP From Metabolic Fuels and Oxygen Toxicity | |
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| Bioenergetics | |
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| Properties of Adenosine Triphosphate | |
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| Electron Carriers and Vitamins | |
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| TCA Cycle | |
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| Electron Transport Chain and Oxidative Phosphorylation | |
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| Oxygen Toxicity and Free-Radical Injury | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Carbohydrate Metabolism | |
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| Carbohydrate Structure | |
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| Proteoglycans, Glycoproteins, and Glycolipids | |
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| Digestion of Carbohydrates | |
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| Glycogen Structure and Metabolism | |
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| Glycolysis | |
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| Gluconeogenesis | |
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| Fructose and Galactose Metabolism | |
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| Pentose Phosphate Pathway | |
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| Maintenance of Blood Glucose Levels | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Lipid and Ethanol Metabolism | |
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| Lipid Structure | |
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| Membranes | |
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| Digestion of Dietary Triacylglycerol | |
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| Fatty Acid and Triacylglycerol Synthesis | |
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| Formation of Triacylglycerol Scores in Adipose Tissue | |
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| Cholesterol and Bile Salt Metabolism | |
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| Blood Lipoproteins | |
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| Fate of Adipose Triacylglycerols | |
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| Fatty Acid Oxidation | |
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| Ketone Body Synthesis and Utilization | |
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| Phospholipid and Sphingolipid Metabolism | |
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| Metabolism of the Eicosanoids | |
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| Ethanol Metabolism | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Nitrogen Metabolism-Amino Acids, Purines, Pyrimidines, and Products Derived from Amino Acids | |
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| Protein Digestion and Amino Acid Absorption | |
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| Addition and Removal of Amino Acid Nitrogen | |
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| Urea Cycle | |
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| Synthesis and Degradation of Amino Acids | |
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| Interrelationships of Various Tissues in Amino Acid Metabolism | |
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| Tetrahydrofolate, Vitamin B<sub>12</sub>, and S-Adenosylmethionine | |
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| Special Products Derived from Amino Acids | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Molecular Endocrinology and an Overview of Tissue Metabolism | |
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| Synthesis of Hormones | |
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| General Mechanisms of Hormone Action (Only a Summary is Provided here as this has Already Been Covered in Chapter 4.) | |
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| Regulation of Hormone Levels | |
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| Actions of Specific Hormones | |
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| Biochemical Functions of Tissues | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Human Genetics-An Introduction | |
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| Mendelian Inheritance Patterns | |
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| Genes | |
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| Mutations | |
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| Inheritance Patterns | |
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| A Summary of Inheritance Patterns is given in Table 10.1 | |
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| Cytogenetics | |
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| Population Genetics | |
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| Multifactorial Diseases (Complex Traits) | |
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| Triplet Repeal Expansions | |
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| Imprinting | |
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| The Genetics of Tumor Suppressors | |
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| Review Test | |
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| Comprehensive Examination | |
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| Index | |