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| Introduction, Mathematical Review, and Software Fundamentals | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Modeling and Simulation | |
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| Process-Based Dynamic Models | |
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| Applications of Environmental Modeling | |
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| Modeling Methodology | |
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| Book Organization | |
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| Simulation Platforms | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Supplementary Reading | |
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| Review of Basic Mathematical Concepts and Introduction to R | |
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| Variables | |
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| Functions | |
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| Derivatives and Optimization | |
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| Integrals and Area | |
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| Ordinary Differential Equations | |
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| Functions of Several Variables | |
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| Random Variables and Distributions | |
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| Random Variables and Moments | |
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| Some Important Random Variables | |
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| Covariance and Correlation | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| One-Dimensional Models and Fundamentals of Modeling Methodology | |
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| Exponential Model | |
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| Fundamentals | |
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| Units | |
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| Population Dynamics | |
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| Chemical Fate | |
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| Model Terms | |
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| Review of Simple Linear Regression | |
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| Model Calibration: Parameter Estimation | |
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| Nonlinear Regression | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Model Simulation | |
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| Concepts of Computer Simulation Based on Ordinary Differential Equations | |
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| Euler Method | |
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| Fourth-Order Runge-Kutta Method | |
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| Random Number Generation | |
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| Stochastic Simulation | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Model Evaluation | |
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| Testing the Numerical Method and the Code | |
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| Graphical Evaluation | |
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| Testing the Model | |
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| Testing the Parameter Values: Sensitivity Analysis | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Nonlinear Models | |
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| Populations: Logistic Growth | |
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| Fate of Chemicals: Michaelis-Menten-Monod | |
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| Monod Kinetics | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Stability and Disturbances | |
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| Stability | |
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| Disturbances | |
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| Variability and Stress | |
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| Sudden and Impulsive Disturbances | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Sensitivity Analysis, Response Surfaces, and Scenarios | |
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| Multiparameter Sensitivity Analysis | |
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| Response Surface and Scenarios | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Multidimensional Models: Structured Populations, Communities, and Ecosystems | |
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| Linear Dynamical Systems | |
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| Matrices | |
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| Dimensions of a Matrix | |
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| Vectors | |
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| Square Matrices | |
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| Matrix Operations | |
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| Solving Systems of Linear Algebraic Equations | |
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| Eigenvalues and Eigenvectors | |
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| Linear Dynamical Systems: Constant Coefficients | |
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| Computer Session: Matrix Algebra | |
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| Structured Population Models | |
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| Types of Structure | |
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| Methods of Model Structure | |
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| Projection Matrices | |
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| Extensions | |
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| Continuous Time Stage Structured Model | |
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| Delay-Differential Equations | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Ecotoxicological Modeling | |
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| Bioavailability | |
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| Bioaccumulation | |
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| Effects: Lethal and Sublethal | |
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| Including Food Pathways | |
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| Compartment Models | |
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| Bioaccumulation: Two-Compartment Model | |
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| Bioaccumulation: Multicompartment | |
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| Bioaccumulation: Varying Exposure | |
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| Population Effects | |
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| Risk Assessment | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Community Dynamics | |
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| Two-State System Concepts | |
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| Two Species: Simple Interactions | |
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| Cycles in Two-Species Consumer-Resource Interactions | |
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| Two Species: Disturbances | |
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| Two Species: Structured Populations | |
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| More Than Two Species, But Not Too Many | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Ecosystems: Nutrients and Energy | |
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| Nutrient Cycles | |
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| Closed Cycles | |
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| Open Cycles | |
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| Nutrient Cycle Examples | |
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| Nutrient Cycle Example: Aquatic Ecosystems | |
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| Global Biogeochemical Cycles | |
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| Primary Productivity | |
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| Secondary and Tertiary Productivity | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Aquatic Ecosystems | |
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| Environmental Drivers | |
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| Solar Radiation | |
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| Light as a Function of Depth | |
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| Dissolved Oxygen and Primary Productivity | |
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| River Eutrophication | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Terrestrial Ecosystems: Soils, Plants, and Water | |
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| Weather Generators | |
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| Evapotranspiration | |
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| Soil Water Dynamics | |
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| Soil Water Balance | |
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| Infiltration and Runoff | |
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| Computer Session | |
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| Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Terrestrial Ecosystems: Vegetation Dynamics | |
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| Individual-Based Approach | |
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| Growth Equation | |
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| Allometric Relationships | |
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| Diameter Ordinary Differential Equation | |
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| Environmental Conditions | |
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| Estimation of Gmax | |
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| Sunlight | |
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| Soil Moisture | |
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| Temperature | |
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| Nutrients | |
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| Tree Population Demography | |
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| Model Responses | |
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| Deterministic and Lumped Model | |
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| Markovian Models | |
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| Computer Session Seem Functions Explained | |
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| Bibliography | |
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| Index | |