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| Medical Uncertainties | |
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| Role of Biostatistics | |
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| Uncertainties in Health and Disease | |
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| Uncertainties in Medical Research | |
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| Uncertainties in Health Planning and Evaluation | |
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| Management of Uncertainties: About This Book | |
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| Basics of Medical Studies | |
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| Study Protocol | |
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| Types of Medical Studies | |
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| Data Collection | |
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| Nonsampling Errors and Other Biases | |
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| Sampling Methods | |
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| Sampling Concepts | |
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| Common Methods of Random Sampling | |
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| Some Other Methods of Sampling | |
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| Designs for Observational Studies | |
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| Some Basic Concepts | |
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| Prospective Studies | |
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| Retrospective Studies | |
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| Cross-Sectional Studies | |
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| Comparative Performance of Prospective, Retrospective, and Cross-Sectional Studies | |
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| Medical Experiments | |
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| Basic Features of Medical Experiments | |
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| Design of Experiments | |
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| Choice and Sampling of Units for Laboratory Experiments6 | |
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| Clinical Trials | |
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| Therapeutic Trials | |
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| Issues in Clinical Trials | |
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| Trials Other than Therapeutics | |
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| Numerical Methods for Representing Variation | |
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| Types of Measurement | |
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| Tabular Presentation | |
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| Rates and Ratios | |
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| Central and Other Locations | |
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| Measuring Variability | |
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| Presentation of Variation by Figures | |
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| Graphs for Frequency Distribution | |
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| Pie, Bar, and Line Diagrams | |
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| Special Diagrams in Health and Medicine | |
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| Charts and Maps | |
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| Some Quantitative Aspects of Medicine | |
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| Some Epidemiological Measures of Health and Disease | |
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| Reference Values | |
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| Measurement of Uncertainty: Probability | |
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| Validity of Medical Tests | |
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| Search for the Best Threshold of Continuous Test: ROC Curve | |
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| Clinimetrics and Evidence-Based Medicine | |
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| Indicators, Indexes, and Scores | |
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| Clinimetrics | |
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| Evidence-Based Medicine | |
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| Measurement of Community Health | |
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| Indicators of Mortality | |
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| Measures of Morbidity | |
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| Indicators of Social and Mental Health | |
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| Composite Indexes of Health | |
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| Confidence Intervals, Principles of Tests of Significance, and Sample Size | |
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| Sampling Distributions | |
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| Confidence Intervals P-Values and Statistical Significance | |
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| Assessing Gaussian Pattern | |
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| Initial Debate on Statistical Significance | |
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| Sample Size Determination in Some Cases | |
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| Inference from Proportions | |
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| One Qualitative Variable | |
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| Proportions in 2 x 2 Tables | |
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| Analysis of R x C Tables (Large n) | |
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| Three-Way Tables | |
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| Assessment of Association in Three-Way Tables | |
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| Relative Risk and Odds Ratio | |
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| Relative and Attributable Risks (Large n) | |
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| Odds Ratio | |
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| Stratified Analysis, Sample Size, and Meta Analysis | |
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| Inference from Means | |
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| Comparison of Means in One and Two Groups (Gaussian Conditions): Student t-Test | |
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| Comparison of Means in Three or More Groups (Gaussian Conditions): ANOVA F-Test | |
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| Non-Gaussian Conditions: Nonparametric Tests for Location | |
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| When Significant Is Not Significant | |
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| Relationships: Quantitative Data | |
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| Some General Features of a Regression Setup | |
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| Linear Regression Models | |
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| Some Issues in Linear Regression | |
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| Measuring the Strength of Quantitative Relationship | |
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| Assessment of Quantitative Agreement | |
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| Relationships: Qualitative Dependent | |
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| Binary Dependent: Logistic Regression (Large n) | |
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| Inference from Logistic Coefficients | |
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| Issues in Logistic Regression | |
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| Some Models for Qualitative Data and Generalizations | |
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| Strength of Relationship in Qualitative Variables | |
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| Survival Analysis | |
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| Life Expectancy | |
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| Analysis of Survival Data | |
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| Issues in Survival Analysis | |
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| Simultaneous Consideration of Several Variables | |
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| Scope of Multivariate Methods | |
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| Dependent and Independent Sets of Variables | |
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| Identification of Structure in the Observations | |
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| Quality Considerations | |
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| Statistical Quality Control in Medical Care | |
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| Quality of Measurements | |
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| Quality of Statistical Models: Robustness | |
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| Quality of Data | |
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| Statistical Fallacies | |
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| Problems with the Sample | |
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| Inadequate Analysis | |
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| Errors in Presentation of Findings | |
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| Misinterpretation | |
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| Statistical Software | |
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| Some Statistical Tables | |
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| Software Illustrations | |