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An Introduction to Modern Wireless Communications | |
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A Brief History of Wireless Communications | |
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Faraday, Maxwell, and Hertz: The Discovery of Electromagnetic Waves | |
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Guglielmo Marconi, Inventor of Wireless Communications | |
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Developments in the Vacuum Electronics Era (1906 to 1947) | |
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The Modern Era in Wireless Communications (1947 to the Present) | |
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Basic Concepts | |
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Information Capacity of a Communication Channel | |
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Antenna Fundamentals | |
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The Basic Layout of a Wireless Communications System | |
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Decibels and Link Budgets | |
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Characteristics of Some Modern Communication Systems | |
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Mobile Communications (Frequency Division Multiple Access, FDMA, and Trunking) | |
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Analog Cell Phone Systems | |
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Digital Cell Phone Systems (Time Division Multiple Access, TDMA, and Code Division Multiple Access, CDMA) | |
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Overview of Past, Present, and Future Cell Phone Systems | |
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Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) of Computers | |
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SATCOM Systems | |
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The Plan of This Book | |
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Problems | |
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Bibliography | |
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Noise in Wireless Communications | |
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Fundamental Noise Concepts | |
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Radiation Resistance and Antenna Efficiency | |
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Nyquist Noise Theorem, Antenna Temperature, and Receiver Noise | |
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Equivalent Circuit of Antenna and Receiver for Calculating Noise | |
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Contributions to Antenna Temperature | |
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Thermal Sources of Noise and Blackbody Radiation | |
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Cosmic Noise | |
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Atmospheric Noise | |
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Big Bang Noise (Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation) | |
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Noise Attenuation | |
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Noise in Specific Systems | |
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Noise in Pagers | |
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Noise in Cell Phones | |
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Noise in Millimeter-Wave SATCOM | |
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Problems | |
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Bibliography | |
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Antennas | |
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Brief Review of Electromagnetism | |
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Maxwell's Equations and Boundary Conditions | |
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Vector Potential, and the Inhomogeneous Helmholtz Equation | |
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Radiation from a Hertzian Dipole | |
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Solution of the Inhomogeneous Helmholtz Equation in the Vector Potential A | |
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Near Fields and Far Fields of a Hertzian Dipole | |
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Basic Antenna Parameters | |
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Directive Gain, D(f,q); Directivity, D; and Gain, G | |
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Radiation Resistance of a Hertzian Dipole Antenna | |
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Electrically Short Dipole Antenna (Length << ) | |
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Small Loop Antennas | |
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Receiving Antennas, Polarization, and Aperture Antennas | |
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Universal Relationship between Gain and Effective Area | |
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Friis Transmission Formula | |
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Polarization Mismatch | |
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A Brief Treatment of Aperture Antennas | |
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Thin-Wire Dipole Antennas | |
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General Analysis of Thin-Wire Dipole Antennas | |
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The Half-Wave Dipole | |
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Problems | |
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Bibliography | |
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Antenna Arrays | |
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Omnidirectional Radiation Pattern in the Horizontal Plane with Vertical Focusing | |
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Arrays of Half-Wave Dipoles | |
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Colinear Arrays | |
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Colinear arrays with Equal Incremental Phase Advance | |
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Elevation Control with a Phased Colinear Antenna Array | |
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Antennas Displaced in the Horizontal Plane | |
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Radiation Pattern of Two Horizontally Displaced Dipoles | |
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Broadside Arrays | |
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Endfire Arrays | |
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Smart Antenna Arrays | |
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Image Antennas | |
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The Principle of Images | |
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Quarter-Wave Monopole above a Conducting Plane | |
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Antennas for Handheld Cell Phones | |
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Half-Wave Dipoles and Reflectors | |
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Rectangular Microstrip Patch Antennas | |
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The TM10 Microstrip Patch Cavity | |
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Duality in Maxwell's Equations and Radiation from a Slot | |
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Radiation from the Edges of a Microstrip Cavity | |
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Array of Microstrip Patch Antennas | |
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Problems | |
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Bibliography | |
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Radio Frequency (RF) Wave Propagation | |
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Some Simple Models of Path Loss in Radio Frequency (RF) Wave Propagation | |
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Free Space Propagation | |
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Laws of Reflection and Refraction at a Planar Boundary | |
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Effect of Surface Roughness | |
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Plane Earth Propagation Model | |
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Diffraction over Single and Multiple Obstructions | |
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Diffraction by a Single Knife Edge | |
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Deygout Method of Approximately Treating Multiple Diffracting Edges | |
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The Causebrook Correction to the Deygout Method | |
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Wave Propagation in an Urban Environment | |
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The Delisle/Egli Empirical Expression for Path Loss | |
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The Flat-Edge Model for Path Loss from the Base Station to the Final Street | |
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Ikegami Model of Excess Path Loss in the Final Street | |
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The Walfisch-Bertoni Analysis of the Parametric Dependence of Path Loss | |
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Problems | |
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Bibliography | |
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Statistical Considerations In Designing Cell Phone Systems and Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) | |
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A Brief Review of Statistical Analysis | |
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Random Variables | |
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Random Processes | |
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Shadowing | |
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The Log-Normal Probability Distribution Function | |
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The Complementary Cumulative Normal Distribution Function (Q Function) | |
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Calculating Margin and Probability of Call Completion | |
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Probability of Call Completion Averaged over a Cell | |
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Additional Signal Loss from Propagating into Buildings | |
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Shadowing Autocorrelation (Serial Correlation) | |
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Shadowing Cross-Correlation | |
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Slow and Fast Fading | |
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Slow Fading | |
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Rayleigh Fading | |
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Margin to Allow for Both Shadowing and Rayleigh Fading | |
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Bit Error Rates in Digital Communications | |
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Ricean Fading | |
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Doppler Broadening | |
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Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) | |
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Propagation Losses Inside Buildings | |
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Standards for WLANs | |
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Sharing WLAN Resources | |
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Problem | |
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Bibliography | |
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Tropospheric and Ionospheric Effects in Long-Range Communications | |
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Extending the Range Using Tropospheric Refraction | |
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Limit on Line-of-Sight Communications | |
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Bouger's Law for Refraction by Tropospheric Layers | |
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Increase in Range Due to Tropospheric Refraction | |
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Long-Range Communications by Ionospheric Reflection | |
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The Ionospheric Plasma | |
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Radio Frequency (RF) Wave Interaction with Plasma | |
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Sample Calculations of Maximum Usable Frequency and Maximum Range in a Communications System Based on Ionospheric Reflection | |
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Propagation through the Ionosphere | |
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Time Delay of a Wave Passing through the Ionosphere | |
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Dispersion of a Wave Passing through the Ionosphere | |
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Faraday Rotation of the Direction of Polarization in the Ionosphere | |
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Problems | |
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Bibliography | |
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Satellite Communications (SATCOM) | |
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Satellite Fundamentals | |
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Geosynchronous Earth Orbit (GEO) | |
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Example of a GEO SATCOM System | |
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SATCOM Signal Attenuation | |
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Attenuation Due to Atmospheric Gases | |
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Attenuation Due to Rain | |
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The Rain Rate Used in SATCOM System Design | |
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Design of GEO SATCOM Systems | |
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Noise Calculations for SATCOM | |
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Design of GEO SATCOM System for Wideband Transmission | |
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Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) Satellites | |
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Global Positioning System (GPS) | |
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General Relativity, Special Relativity, and the Synchronization of Clocks | |
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Low Earth Orbit (LEO) Communication Satellites | |
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The Iridium LEO SATCOM System | |
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Path Loss in LEO SATCOM | |
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Doppler Shift in LEO SATCOM | |
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Problem | |
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Bibliography | |
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Nomenclature | |
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English Alphabet | |
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Greek Alphabet | |
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Index | |