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Preface | |
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About the Authors | |
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Introduction | |
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What Is Aviation Psychology? | |
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What Is Research? | |
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Goals of Psychology | |
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Models and Psychological Constructs | |
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Human Performance Models | |
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Development of Expertise | |
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Models of Human Information Processing | |
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Models of Accident Causation | |
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Models of Aeronautical Decision Making (ADM) | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Research Methods and Statistics | |
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Introduction | |
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The Research Process | |
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Literature Review and Research Questions | |
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Research Problems | |
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Variables | |
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Descriptive Methods and Measurement | |
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Psychological Tests | |
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Classical Test Theory | |
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Reliability | |
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Validity | |
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Test Norms and Cultural Adaptation | |
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Questionnaires | |
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Internet | |
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Interview | |
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Observation | |
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Experiments, Quasi-Experiments, and Correlation Research | |
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Experiments | |
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Quasi-Experiments | |
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Correlational Research | |
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Statistics | |
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Descriptive Statistics | |
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Inferential Statistics | |
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Type 1 and Type 2 Errors | |
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Design and Validity | |
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Statistical Validity | |
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Internal Validity | |
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Construct Validity | |
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External Validity | |
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Meta-Analysis | |
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Literature Search and Coding of Articles | |
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Statistical Sources of Error in Studies and Meta-Analysis Calculations | |
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Meta-Analysis Example | |
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Criticism of the Meta-Analysis Method | |
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Research Ethics | |
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Cheating and Fraud in Research | |
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Summary | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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References | |
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Aviation Psychology, Human Factors, and the Design of Aviation Systems | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of Human Error | |
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Human Characteristics and Design | |
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Principles of Display Design | |
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Principle of Information Need | |
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Principle of Legibility | |
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Principle of Display Integration/Proximity Compatibility Principle | |
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Principle of Pictorial Realism | |
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Principle of the Moving Part | |
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Principle of Predictive Aiding | |
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Principle of Discriminability: Status versus Command | |
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System Design | |
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Manpower | |
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Personnel | |
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Training | |
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An Example: Design of the Fuel Gauge | |
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Interacting with the System | |
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Current Issues | |
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Summary | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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References | |
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Personnel Selection | |
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Introduction | |
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Job Analysis | |
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Job Analysis for Pilots and Air Traffic Controllers | |
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A Critical Perspective on Job Analysis | |
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Predictors and Criteria | |
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Predictors in Selection | |
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Criteria of Job Performance | |
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How Can We Know That Predictors Work? | |
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Meta-Analysis | |
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When Can Test Validity Be Generalized? | |
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Historical Overview | |
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Pilot Selection | |
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Selection of Air Traffic Controllers | |
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How Well Do the Different Methods Work? | |
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Personality and Job Performance | |
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Computer-Based Testing | |
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The Utility of Selection Methods | |
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Fairness in Selection | |
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Differential Predictive Validity | |
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Applicant Reactions | |
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Summary | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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References | |
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Training | |
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Introduction | |
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Training System Design | |
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Analyze | |
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Design | |
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Develop | |
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Implement | |
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Evaluate | |
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Conclusion | |
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Crew Resource Management | |
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Generations of CRM | |
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Evaluation of CRM Effectiveness | |
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Simulator Training | |
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Training Using Personal Computers | |
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Recurrent Training and Skill Decay | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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References | |
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Stress, Human Reactions, and Performance | |
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Introduction | |
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Personality | |
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What Is Stress? | |
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Conflicts between Work and Private Life | |
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Burnout and Engagement | |
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Individual Differences and Stress | |
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Consequences of Stress | |
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Shift Work | |
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Sleep | |
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Health Implications | |
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Accident Risk | |
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Private Life | |
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Jet Lag | |
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How Can One Prevent Drowsiness? | |
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Extreme Stress | |
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Passenger Reactions | |
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Fear of Flying | |
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Symptoms | |
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What Is There to Be Afraid of? | |
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Treatment | |
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The Pains and Pleasures of Air Travel | |
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Unruly Passenger Behavior | |
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What Is Air Rage? | |
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How Frequently Does Air Rage Occur? | |
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What Causes Air Rage and Unruly Behavior? | |
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What Can Be Done to Prevent Air Rage? | |
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Summary | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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References | |
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Culture, Organizations, and Leadership | |
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Introduction | |
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Do Organizational Issues Play a Role in Accidents? | |
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What Is Culture? | |
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National Culture | |
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Problems Relating to Study of Cultural Differences | |
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Professional Culture | |
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Organizational Culture | |
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Safety Culture | |
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What Characterizes a Sound Safety Culture? | |
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How Does a Safety Culture Develop? | |
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Studies of Safety Culture in Aviation | |
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Women and Aviation | |
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Attitudes toward Female Pilots | |
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Reorganization and Adapting to New Working Conditions | |
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Reactions to Organizational Changes | |
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Downsizing | |
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Psychological Contracts | |
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Leadership | |
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Three Leadership Types | |
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Leadership and Safety | |
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Summary | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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References | |
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Aviation Safety | |
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Introduction | |
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Accident Incidence | |
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Causes of Accidents | |
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Classification of Aircraft Accidents | |
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Special Problems in Doing Research on Accidents | |
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Is a Close Call Almost the Same as an Accident? | |
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Out of the Air and into the Laboratory | |
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Why Are Some Pilots Safer Than Others? | |
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The Decision-Making Component of Accidents | |
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Aeronautical Decision Making | |
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Hazardous Attitudes | |
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Locus of Control | |
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Risk Perception and Risk Tolerance | |
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Situation Awareness | |
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Aviation Weather Encounters | |
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Other Programs to Improve Safety | |
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Summary | |
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Recommended Reading | |
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References | |
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Concluding Remarks | |
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Introduction | |
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Internet Resources for Pilots | |
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Index | |