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Understanding Argument | |
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The Purposes of Argument | |
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What is an Argument? | |
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Understanding the Purposes of Argument | |
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Arguments to Assert | |
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Arguments to Prevail | |
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Arguments to Inquire | |
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Arguments to Negotiate and Reconcile | |
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The Contexts of Argument | |
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The Rhetorical Situation | |
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Analyzing Your Audience | |
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Imagining Your Audience | |
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Cultural Context | |
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Understanding Culture | |
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Considering Culture in Argument | |
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Considering Gender | |
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Consider Age | |
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Considering Sexual Orientation | |
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Historical Context | |
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The Media for Argument | |
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Analyzing Arguments in Print | |
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Reading Arguments Critically in Print Form | |
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Analyzing Arguments in Visual Media | |
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Photographs as Argument | |
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Advertisements as Argument | |
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Art as Argument | |
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Integrating Visual Elements and Text | |
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Analyzing Arguments in Electronic Media | |
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The Internet | |
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Websites | |
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Online Versions of Print Arguments | |
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Websites as Arguments | |
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Social Media | |
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The Strategies for Argument | |
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Understanding Ethos: Appeals to Character | |
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Understanding Pathos: Appeals to Emotion | |
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Understanding Logos: Appeals to Reason | |
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Patterns of Logic | |
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Reasoning Inductively | |
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Reasoning Deductively | |
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The Syllogism | |
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The Enthymeme | |
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Cultural Differences in Logical Arguments | |
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The Toulmin Model of Argumentation | |
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Understanding Claims and Warrants | |
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Evaluating Claims and Warrants | |
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Appraising Evidence | |
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Facts as Evidence | |
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Personal Experience as Evidence | |
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Authority as Evidence | |
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Values as Evidence | |
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Presenting Evidence in Visual Form | |
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Recognizing Logical Fallacies | |
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Appealing to Pity | |
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Appealing to Prejudice | |
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Appealing to Tradition | |
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Arguing by Analogy | |
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Attacking the Character of Opponents | |
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Attributing False Causes | |
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Attributing Guilt by Association | |
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Begging the Question | |
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Equivocating | |
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Ignoring the Question | |
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Jumping to Conclusions | |
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Opposing a Straw Man | |
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Presenting a False Dilemma | |
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Reasoning That Does Not Follow ("Non Sequitur") | |
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Sliding Down a Slippery Slope | |
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Composing Arguments | |
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Constructing Arguments | |
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Managing the Composing Process | |
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Understanding Composing as Inquiry | |
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Defining Your Topic | |
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Considering Audience | |
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Identifying Your Audience | |
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Making Concessions | |
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Understanding Audience Expectations | |
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How One Student Addresses Her Audience | |
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Defining Your Terms | |
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Structuring an Argument | |
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Classical Arrangement | |
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Rogerian Argument | |
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Logical Arrangements | |
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Inductive Reasoning | |
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Deductive Reasoning | |
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Using the Toulmin Model | |
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Supporting Claims and Presenting Evidence | |
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Using Language Effectively | |
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Doing Research | |
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Reading Critically | |
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Previewing | |
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Annotating | |
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Summarizing | |
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Synthesizing | |
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Integrating Source Material Into Your Paper | |
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Avoiding Plagiarism | |
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Finding Relevant Material | |
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Using the Internet | |
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Searching for Magazine and Journal Articles | |
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Looking for Books | |
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Conducting Interviews and Surveys | |
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Documenting Your Sources | |
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Compiling a Preliminary Bibliography | |
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Citing Sources | |
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MLA and APA Sources | |
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Using Footnote and Content Notes | |
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Parenthetical (In-Text) Citation | |
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Organizing a Bibliography | |
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MLA-Style Documentation | |
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Citing Sources in MLA Style | |
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Creating a Bibliography or Works Cited Page in MLA Style | |
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APA-Style Documentation | |
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Citing Sources in APA Style | |
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Creating a Bibliography or Works Cited Page in APA Style | |
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Preparing Your Final Draft | |
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Negotiating Differences | |
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Ownership | |
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Who Owns Words and Ideas? | |
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"Standing Up for the Power of Learning" | |
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"What's Yours? (Ownership of Intellectual Property)" | |
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"Copyright Crusaders" | |
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"The Responsible Plagiarist: Understanding Students Who Misuse Sources" | |
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Who Owns Music? | |
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"Free Downloads Play Sweet Music," | |
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"Ringtones," | |
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"Hello, Cleveland," | |
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"Collecting Music in the Digital Realm," | |
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What Should We Own? | |
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Excerpt from "Economy" in Walden (new selection) | |
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"Rethinking Rent" (new selection) | |
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"Defining an Ownership Society" (new selection) | |
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"The End of the Ownership Society" (new selection) | |
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Relationships | |
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How Should We Conduct Our Relationships? | |
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"Why I'm Selling My Virginity" (new selection) | |
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"Get Your Hand Out of My Pocket" | |
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"Dorm Brothel" | |
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"We're Here! We're Queer! We're 13!" (new selection) | |
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What Does it Mean to be a Good Parent? | |
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"Designer Babies and Other Myths," | |
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"Victims From Birth," | |
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"The Good Enough Mother," | |
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"What Fathers Do Best," | |
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What Are Family Values? | |
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"Fidelity with a Wandering Eye" | |
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"A More Perfect Union" | |
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"The Future of Marriage" (new selection) | |
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"The Marriage Gap" (new selection) | |
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Communication. (new chapter) Should There Be Limits on Free Speech? | |
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"The Globalization of Censorship" (new selection) | |
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"Them Damn Pictures" (new selection) | |
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"Why We Have Free Speech in America" (new selection) | |
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"The Price of Free Speech: Campus Hate Speech Codes" (new selection) | |
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What Responsibilities Do Popular Media Have? | |
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"Empire of Images in Our World of Bodies" (new selection) | |
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"Racism in the Media"(new selection) | |
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"Symbolic Gestures" (new selection) | |
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"Why I Love Al-Jazeera"(new selection) | |
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How Should We Talk to One Another in the Digital Age? | |
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"The Daily We: Is the Internet Really a Blessing for Democracy?" | |
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"The Revolution Will Not Be Digitized"(new selection) | |
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"Why Gen-Y Johnny Can't Read Non-Verbal Cues"(new selection) | |
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"The Daily Show and Political Activism" (new selection) | |
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Education | |
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What Should Students Be Taught? | |
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"The Humanities for Cocktail Parties and More" | |
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"Liberal Educations on the Ropes" | |
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"Designing a Signature General Education Program" | |
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"Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Aptitude" (new selection) | |
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How Should Students Be Taught? | |
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"Lost in the Life of the Mind" | |
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"Moving Away from the Authoritarian Classroom". bell hooks, "Toward a Radical Feminist Pedagogy" | |
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"The Art of Teaching Science" | |
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How Should Learning Be Measured? | |
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"Tests, Tracking, and Derailment" | |
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"Unintended Consequences of High Stakes Testing" | |
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"Why So Many Exams? | |
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A Marxist Response" | |
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"Getting Along Without Grades--and Getting Along With Them too" (new selection) | |
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American National Identity | |
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Who Gets to Be an American? | |
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"By the Time I Get to Cucaracha" | |
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"A Nation of Immigrants" | |
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"Keep the Borders Open" | |
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"Too Many: Looking Today's Immigration in the Face" | |
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What Does It Mean to be a Good Citizen? | |
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"Needed: Informed Voters" | |
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"America: Idea or Nation?" | |
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"A Patriotic Left" | |
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"Class Warfare: It is Wrong that America's Most Privileged Families Have Abandoned Military Service" | |
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How Should Americans Govern Themselves? | |
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First Inaugural Address (new selection) | |
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"Where Did "We" Go?" (new selection) | |
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"Letter from Birmingham Jail," | |
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"Americans, Common Law, and Freedom: What You Need to Know" (new selection) | |
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Environments | |
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How Should We Design Communities? | |
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"The Lived-In City" | |
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"So What Can We Do--Really Do--About Sprawl?" | |
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"Enough Snickering | |
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Suburbia Is More Complicated and Varied Than We Think" | |
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"The Green Case for Cities"(new selection) | |
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What (and How) Should We Eat? | |
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"Eat This Now!" | |
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"Voting With Your Fork" (new selection) | |
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"The Omnivore's Delusion" (new selection) | |
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Capital Times editorial, "In Defense of Michael Pollan" (new selection) | |
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What is Our Responsibility to the Earth? | |
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"The Obligation to Endure" | |
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"Silent Spring at 40" | |
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"Human Nature" (new selection) | |
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"Forget Short Showers" (new selection) | |
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