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About the Author | |
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Preface | |
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What Are Rockets? | |
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The History of Rockets | |
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400 BCE | |
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100 to 0 BCE | |
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0 to 100 AD | |
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850 AD | |
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904 AD | |
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1132 to 1279 AD | |
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1300 to 1600 AD | |
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1600 to 1800 AD | |
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1800 to 1900 AD | |
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1900 to 1930 AD | |
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A Perspective | |
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1930 to 1957 AD | |
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1957 to 1961 AD | |
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1961 to Present | |
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X Prize | |
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Other Space Agencies | |
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Rockets of the Modern Era | |
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ESA and CNES | |
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Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO-India) | |
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Iranian Space Agency (ISA-Iran) | |
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Israeli Space Agency | |
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Japan Aerospace exploration Agency (JAXA-Japan) | |
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China National Space Administration (CNSA- People's Republic of China) | |
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Russian Federal Space Agency (FSA, also known as RKA in Russian-Russia/Ukraine) | |
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United States of America: NASA and the U.S. Air Force | |
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Other Systems Are on the Way | |
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The NASA Constellation Program | |
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Rocket Anatomy and Nomenclature | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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Why Are Rockets Needed? | |
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Missions and Payloads | |
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Missions | |
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Payloads | |
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Trajectories | |
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Example 2.1: Hobby Rocket | |
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Fundamental Equations for Trajectory Analysis | |
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Missing the Earth | |
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Example 2.2: The Dong Feng 31 ICBM | |
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Orbits | |
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Newton's Universal Law of Gravitation | |
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Example 2.3: Acceleration Due to Gravity on a Telecommunications Satellite | |
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A Circular Orbit | |
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The Circle Is a Special Case of an Ellipse | |
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The Ellipse Is Actually a Conic Section | |
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Kepler's Laws | |
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Newton's Vis Viva Equation | |
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Orbit Changes and Maneuvers | |
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In-Plane Orbit Changes | |
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Example 2.4: The Hohmann Transfer Orbit | |
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The Bielliptical Transfer | |
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Plane Changes | |
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Interplanetary Trajectories | |
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The Gravitational Assist | |
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Ballistic Missile Trajectories | |
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Ballistic Missile Trajectories Are Conic Sections | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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How Do Rockets Work? | |
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Thrust | |
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Specific Impulse | |
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Example 3.1: Isp of the Space Shuttle Main Engines | |
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Weight Flow Rate | |
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Tsiolkovsky's Rocket Equation | |
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Staging | |
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Example 3.2: The Two-Stage Rocket | |
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Rocket Dynamics, Guidance, and Control | |
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Aerodynamic Forces | |
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Example 3.3: Drag Force on the Space Shuttle | |
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Rocket Stability and the Restoring Force | |
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Rocket Attitude Control Systems | |
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8 Degrees of Freedom | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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How Do Rocket Engines Work? | |
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The Basic Rocket Engine | |
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Thermodynamic Expansion and the Rocket Nozzle | |
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Isentropic Flow | |
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Exit Velocity | |
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Rocket Engine Area Ratio and Lengths | |
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Nozzle Area Expansion Ratio | |
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Nozzle Design | |
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The Properly Designed Nozzle | |
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Expansion Chamber Dimensions | |
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Rocket Engine Design Example | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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Are All Rockets the Same? | |
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Solid Rocket Engines | |
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Basic Solid Motor Components | |
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Solid Propellant Composition | |
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Solid Propellant Grain Configurations | |
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Burn Rate | |
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Example 5.1: Burn Rate of the Space Shuttle SRBs | |
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Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines | |
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Cavitation | |
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Pogo | |
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Cooling the Engine | |
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A Real World Perspective: The SSME Ignition Sequence | |
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Hybrid Rocket Engines | |
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Electric Rocket Engines | |
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Electrostatic Engines | |
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Example 5.2: The Deep Space Probe's NSTAR Ion Engine | |
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Electrothermal Engines | |
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Electromagnetic Engines | |
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Example 5.3: The Pulsed Plasma Thruster (PPT) Engine | |
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Solar Electric Propulsion | |
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Nuclear Electric Propulsion | |
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Nuclear Rocket Engines | |
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Solid Core | |
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Liquid Core | |
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Gas Core | |
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Solar Rocket Engines | |
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Example 5.4: The Solar Thermal Collector | |
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Example 5.5: The STR Exit Velocity, Isp, and Thrust | |
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Photon-Based Engines | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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How Do We Test Rockets? | |
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The Systems Engineering Process and Rocket Development | |
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Systems Engineering Models | |
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Technology, Integrated, and Systems Readiness | |
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Measuring Thrust | |
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Deflection-Type Thrustometers | |
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Hydraulic Load Cells | |
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Strain Gauge Load Cells | |
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Pressure Vessel Tests | |
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Shake 'n Bake Tests | |
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Drop and Landing Tests | |
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Environment Tests | |
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Destructive Tests | |
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Modeling and Simulation | |
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Roll-Out Test | |
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Flight Tests | |
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Logistics | |
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Flight Testing Is Complicated | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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Are We Thinking Like Rocket Scientists and Engineers? | |
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Weather Cocking | |
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Fuel Sloshing | |
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Propellant Vorticity | |
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Tornadoes and Overpasses | |
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Flying Foam Debris | |
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Monocoque | |
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The Space Mission Analysis and Design Process | |
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Back to the Moon | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Exercises | |
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Suggested Reading for Rocket Scientists and Engineers | |
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Index | |