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| Preface to the Second Edition | |
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| Preface to the First Edition | |
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| The Role of Statistics in Environmental Science | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Some Examples | |
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| The Importance of Statistics in the Examples | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Environmental Sampling | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Simple Random Sampling | |
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| Estimation of Population Means | |
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| Estimation of Population Totals | |
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| Estimation of Proportions | |
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| Sampling and Nonsampling Errors | |
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| Stratified Random Sampling | |
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| Post-Stratification | |
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| Systematic Sampling | |
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| Other Design Strategies | |
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| Ratio Estimation | |
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| Double Sampling | |
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| Choosing Sample Sizes | |
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| Unequal-Probability Sampling | |
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| The Data Quality Objectives Process | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Models for Data | |
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| Statistical Models | |
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| Discrete Statistical Distributions | |
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| The Hypergeometric Distribution | |
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| The Binomial Distribution | |
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| The Poisson Distribution | |
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| Continuous Statistical Distributions | |
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| The Exponential Distribution | |
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| The Normal or Gaussian Distribution | |
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| The Lognormal Distribution | |
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| The Linear Regression Model | |
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| Factorial Analysis of Variance | |
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| One-Factor Analysis of Variance | |
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| Two-Factor Analysis of Variance | |
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| Three-Factor Analysis of Variance | |
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| Repeated-Measures Designs | |
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| Multiple Comparisons and Contrasts | |
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| Generalized Linear Models | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Drawing Conclusions from Data | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Observational and Experimental Studies | |
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| True Experiments and Quasi-Experiments | |
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| Design-Based and Model-Based Inference | |
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| Tests of Significance and Confidence Intervals | |
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| Randomization Tests | |
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| Bootstrapping | |
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| Pseudoreplication | |
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| Multiple Testing | |
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| Meta-Analysis | |
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| Bayesian Inference | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Environmental Monitoring | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Purposely Chosen Monitoring Sites | |
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| Two Special Monitoring Designs | |
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| Designs Based on Optimization | |
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| Monitoring Designs Typically Used | |
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| Detection of Changes by Analysis of Variance | |
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| Detection of Changes Using Control Charts | |
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| Detection of Changes Using CUSUM Charts | |
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| Chi-Squared Tests for a Change in a Distribution | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Impact Assessment | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Simple Difference Analysis with BACI Designs | |
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| Matched Pairs with a BACI Design | |
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| Impact-Control Designs | |
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| Before-After Designs | |
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| Impact-Gradient Designs | |
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| Inferences from Impact Assessment Studies | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Assessing Site Reclamation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Problems with Tests of Significance | |
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| The Concept of Bioequivalence | |
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| Two-Sided Tests of Bioequivalence | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Time Series Analysis | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Components of Time Series | |
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| Serial Correlation | |
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| Tests for Randomness | |
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| Detection of Change Points and Trends | |
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| More-Complicated Time Series Models | |
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| Frequency Domain Analysis | |
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| Forecasting | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Spatial-Data Analysis | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of Spatial Data | |
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| Spatial Patterns in Quadrat Counts | |
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| Correlation between Quadrat Counts | |
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| Randomness of Point Patterns | |
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| Correlation between Point Patterns | |
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| Mantel Tests for Autocorrelation | |
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| The Variogram | |
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| Kriging | |
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| Correlation between Variables in Space | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Censored Data | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Single Sample Estimation | |
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| Estimation of Quantiles | |
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| Comparing the Means of Two or More Samples | |
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| Regression with Censored Data | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Monte Carlo Risk Assessment | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Principles for Monte Carlo Risk Assessment | |
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| Risk Analysis Using a Spreadsheet | |
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| Chapter Summary | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Final Remarks | |
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| Appendices | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |