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| Preface | |
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| An Overview of Computers and Programming Languages | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A Brief Overview of the History of Computers | |
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| Elements of a Computer System | |
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| Hardware | |
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| Central Processing Unit | |
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| Main Memory | |
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| Secondary Storage | |
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| Input/Output Devices | |
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| Software | |
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| The Language of a Computer | |
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| The Evolution of Programming Languages | |
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| A C++ Program | |
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| Processing a C++ Program | |
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| Programming with the Problem Analysis-Coding-Execution Cycle | |
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| Programming Methodologies | |
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| Structured Programming | |
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| Object-Oriented Programming | |
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| ANSI/ISO Standard C++ | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Basic Elements of C++ | |
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| The Basics of a C++ Program | |
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| Special Symbols | |
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| Word Symbols | |
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| Identifiers | |
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| Data Types | |
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| Simple Data Types | |
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| Floating-Point Data Types | |
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| Arithmetic Operators and Operator Precedence | |
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| Order of Precedence | |
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| Expressions | |
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| Mixed Expressions | |
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| Type Conversion (Casting) | |
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| string Type | |
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| Input | |
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| Allocating Memory with Constants and Variables | |
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| Putting Data into Variables | |
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| Assignment Statement | |
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| Saving and Using the Value of an Expression | |
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| Declaring and Initializing Variables | |
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| Input (Read) Statement | |
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| Variable Initialization | |
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| Increment and Decrement Operators | |
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| Output | |
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| Preprocessor Directives | |
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| namespace and Using cin and cout in a Program | |
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| Using the string Data Type in a Program | |
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| Creating a C++ Program | |
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| Program Style and Form | |
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| Syntax | |
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| Use of Blanks | |
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| Use of Semicolons, Brackets, and Commas | |
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| Semantics | |
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| Naming Identifiers | |
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| Prompt Lines | |
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| Documentation | |
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| Comments | |
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| Form and Style | |
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| More on Assignment Statements | |
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| Programming Example: Convert Length | |
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| Programming Example: Make Change | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Intput/Output | |
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| I/O Streams and Standard I/O Devices | |
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| cin and the Extraction Operator [double greater-than sign] | |
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| Using Predefined Functions in a Program | |
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| cin and the get Function | |
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| cin and the ignore Function | |
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| The putback and peek Functions | |
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| The Dot Notation Between I/O Stream Variables and I/O Functions: A Precaution | |
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| Input Failure | |
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| The clear Function | |
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| Output and Formatting Output | |
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| setprecision Manipulator | |
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| fixed Manipulator | |
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| showpoint Manipulator | |
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| setw | |
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| flush Manipulator | |
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| Additional Output Formatting Tools | |
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| setfill Manipulator | |
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| left and right Manipulators | |
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| Input/Output and the string Type | |
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| File Input/Output | |
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| Programming Example: Movie Ticket Sale and Donation to Charity | |
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| Programming Example: Student Grade | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Control Structures I (Selection) | |
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| Control Structures | |
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| Relational Operators | |
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| Relational Operators and Simple Data Types | |
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| Relational Operators and the string Type | |
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| Logical (Boolean) Operators and Logical Expressions | |
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| Order of Precedence | |
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| Short-Circuit Evaluation | |
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| int Data Type and Logical (Boolean) Expressions | |
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| bool Data Type and Logical (Boolean) Expressions | |
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| Selection: if and if...else | |
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| One-Way Selection | |
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| Two-Way Selection | |
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| Compound (Block of) Statements | |
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| Multiple Selections: Nested if | |
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| Comparing if...else Statements with a Series of if Statements | |
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| Using Pseudocode to Develop, Test, and Debug a Program | |
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| Input Failure and the if Statement | |
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| Confusion Between the Equality Operator (==) and the Assignment Operator (=) | |
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| Conditional Operator (? :) | |
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| switch Structures | |
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| Terminating a Program with the assert Function | |
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| Programming Example: Cable Company Billing | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Control Structures II (Repetition) | |
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| Why Is Repetition Needed? | |
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| shile Looping (Repetition) Structure | |
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| Counter-Controlled while Loops | |
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| Sentinel-Controlled while Loops | |
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| Flag-Controlled while Loops | |
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| EOF-Controlled while Loops | |
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| Eof Function | |
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| More on Expressions in while Statements | |
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| Programming Example: Checking Account Balance | |
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| Programming Example: Fibonacci Number | |
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| For Looping (Repetition) Structure | |
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| Programming Example: Classifying Numbers | |
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| Do...while Looping (Repetition) Structure | |
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| Break and continue Statements | |
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| Nested Control Structures | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| User-Defined Functions I | |
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| Predefined Functions | |
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| User-Defined Functions | |
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| Value-Returning Functions | |
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| Syntax: Value-Returning function | |
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| Syntax: Formal Parameter List | |
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| Function Call | |
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| Syntax: Actual Parameter List | |
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| Return Statement | |
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| Syntax: return Statement | |
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| Function Prototype | |
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| Syntax: Function Prototype | |
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| Flow of Execution | |
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| Programming Example: Largest Number | |
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| Programming Example: Cable Company | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| User-Defined Functions II | |
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| Void Functions | |
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| Void Functions Without Parameters | |
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| Void Functions with Parameters | |
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| Value Parameters | |
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| Reference Variables as Parameters | |
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| Value and Reference Parameters and Memory Allocation | |
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| Reference Parameters and Value-Returning Functions | |
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| Scope of an Identifier | |
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| Global Variables, Named Constants, and Side Effects | |
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| Static and Automatic Variables | |
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| Function Overloading: An Introduction | |
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| Functions with Default Parameters | |
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| Programming Example: Classify Numbers | |
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| Programming Example: Data Comparison | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| User-Defined Simple Data Types, Namespaces, and the string Type | |
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| Enumeration Type | |
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| Declaring Variables | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Operations on Enumeration Types | |
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| Relational Operators | |
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| Input/Output of Enumeration Types | |
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| Functions and Enumeration Types | |
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| Declaring Variables When Defining the Enumeration Type | |
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| Anonymous Data Types | |
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| typedef Statement | |
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| Programming Example: The Game of Rock, Paper, and Scissors | |
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| Namespaces | |
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| string Type | |
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| Additional string Operations | |
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| length Function | |
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| size Function | |
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| find Function | |
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| substr Function | |
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| swap Function | |
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| Programming Example: Pig Latin Strings | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Arrays and Strings | |
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| Arrays | |
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| Accessing Array Components | |
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| Processing One-Dimensional Arrays | |
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| Array Index Out of Bounds | |
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| Array Initialization During Declaration | |
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| Partial Initialization of Arrays During Declaration | |
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| Some Restrictions on Array Processing | |
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| Arrays as Parameters to Functions | |
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| Constant Arrays as Formal Parameters | |
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| Base Address of an Array and Array in Computer Memory | |
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| Functions Cannot Return a Value of the Type array | |
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| Integral Data Type and Array Indices | |
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| Other Ways to Declare Arrays | |
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| C-strings (Character Arrays) | |
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| String Comparison | |
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| Reading and Writing Strings | |
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| String Input | |
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| String Output | |
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| Specifying Input/Output Files at Execution Time | |
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| string Type and Input/Output Files | |
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| Parallel Arrays | |
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| Two- and Multidimensional Arrays | |
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| Accessing Array Components | |
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| Two-Dimensional Array Initialization During Declaration | |
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| Two-Dimensional Arrays and Enumeration Types | |
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| Initialization | |
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| Print | |
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| Input | |
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| Sum by Row | |
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| Sum by Column | |
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| Largest Element in Each Row and Each Column | |
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| Reversing Diagonal | |
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| Passing Two-Dimensional Arrays as Parameters to Functions | |
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| Arrays of Strings | |
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| Arrays of Strings and the string Type | |
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| Arrays of Strings and C-Strings (Character Arrays) | |
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| Another Way to Declare a Two-Dimensional Array | |
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| Multidimensional Arrays | |
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| Programming Example: Code Detection | |
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| Programming Example: Text Processing | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Records (structS) | |
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| Records (structS) | |
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| Accessing struct Members | |
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| Assignment | |
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| Comparison (Relational Operators) | |
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| Input/Output | |
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| struct Variables and Functions | |
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| Arrays versus structS | |
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| ArrayS in structs | |
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| structS in Arrays | |
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| structS within a struct | |
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| Programming Example: Sales Data Analysis | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Classes and Data Abstraction | |
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| Classes | |
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| Unified Modeling Language Class Diagrams | |
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| Variable (Object) Declaration | |
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| Accessing Class Members | |
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| Built-in Operations on Classes | |
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| Assignment Operator and Classes | |
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| Class Scope | |
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| Functions and Classes | |
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| Reference Parameters and Class Objects (Variables) | |
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| Implementation of Member Functions | |
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| Accessor and Mutator Functions | |
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| Order of public and private Members of a Class | |
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| Constructors | |
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| Invoking a Constructor | |
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| Invoking the Default Constructor | |
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| Invoking a Constructor with Parameters | |
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| Constructors and Default Parameters | |
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| Classes and Constructors: A Precaution | |
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| Arrays of Class Objects (Variables) and Constructors | |
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| Destructors | |
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| Data Abstraction, Classes, and Abstract Data Types | |
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| A struct Versus a class | |
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| Information Hiding | |
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| Executable Code | |
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| Static Members of a Class | |
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| Programming Example: Candy Machine | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Inheritance and Composition | |
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| Inheritance | |
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| Redefining (Overriding) Member Functions of the Base Class | |
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| Constructors of Derived and Base Classes | |
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| Multiple Inclusions of a Header File | |
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| C++ Stream Classes | |
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| Protected Members of a Class | |
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| Inheritance as public, protected, or private | |
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| Composition | |
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| Object-Oriented Design (OOD) and Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) | |
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| Identifying Classes, Objects, and Operations | |
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| Programming Example: Grade Report | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Pointers, Classes, Virtual Functions, Abstract Classes, and Lists | |
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| Pointer Data Type and Pointer Variables | |
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| Declaring Pointer Variables | |
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| Address of Operator (&) | |
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| Dereferencing Operator (*) | |
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| Classes, Structs, and Pointer Variables | |
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| Initializing Pointer Variables | |
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| Dynamic Variables | |
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| Operator new | |
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| Operator delete | |
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| Operations on Pointer Variables | |
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| Dynamic Arrays | |
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| Functions and Pointers | |
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| Pointers and Function Return Values | |
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| Dynamic Two-Dimensional Arrays | |
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| Shallow versus Deep Copy and Pointers | |
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| Classes and Pointers: Some Peculiarities | |
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| Destructor | |
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| Assignment Operator | |
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| Copy Constructor | |
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| Inheritance, Pointers, and Virtual Functions | |
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| Classes and Virtual Destructors | |
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| Abstract Classes and Pure Virtual Functions | |
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| Array-Based Lists | |
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| Unordered Lists | |
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| Ordered Lists | |
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| Address of Operator and Classes | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Overloading and Templates | |
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| Why Operator Overloading Is Needed | |
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| Operator Overloading | |
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| Syntax for Operator Functions | |
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| Overloading an Operator: Some Restrictions | |
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| Pointer this | |
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| Friend Functions of Classes | |
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| Operator Functions as Member Functions and Nonmember Functions | |
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| Overloading Binary Operators | |
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| Overloading the Stream Insertion ([double less-than sign]) and Extraction ([double greater-than sign]) Operators | |
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| Overloading the Assignment Operator (=) | |
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| Overloading Unary Operators | |
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| Operator Overloading: Member versus Nonmember | |
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| Classes and Pointer Member Variables (Revisited) | |
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| Operator Overloading: One Final Word | |
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| Programming Example: clockType | |
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| Programming Example: Complex Numbers | |
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| Overloading the Array Index (Subscript) Operator ([]) | |
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| Programming Example: newString | |
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| Function Overloading | |
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| Templates | |
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| Function Templates | |
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| Class Templates | |
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| Array-Based Lists (Revisited) | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Exception Handling | |
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| Handling Exceptions within a Program | |
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| C++ Mechanisms of Exception Handling | |
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| try/catch Block | |
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| Using C++ Exception Classes | |
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| Creating Your Own Exception Classes | |
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| Rethrowing and Throwing an Exception | |
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| Exception Handling Techniques | |
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| Terminate the Program | |
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| Fix the Error and Continue | |
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| Log the Error and Continue | |
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| Stack Unwinding | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| |
| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Recursion | |
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| Recursive Definitions | |
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| Direct and Indirect Recursion | |
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| Infinite Recursion | |
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| Problem Solving Using Recursion | |
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| |
| Tower of Hanoi: Analysis | |
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| Recursion or Iteration? | |
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| |
| Programming Example: Converting a Number from Binary to Decimal | |
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| |
| Programming Example: Converting a Number from Decimal to Binary | |
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| |
| Quick Review | |
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| |
| Exercises | |
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| |
| Programming Exercises | |
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| |
| Linked Lists | |
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| Linked Lists | |
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| Linked Lists: Some Properties | |
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| Building a Linked List | |
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| Linked List as an ADT | |
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| Structure of Linked List Nodes | |
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| Member Variables of the class linkedListType | |
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| Linked List Iterators | |
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| Print the List | |
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| Length of a List | |
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| Retrieve the Data of the First Node | |
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| Retrieve the Data of the Last Node | |
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| Begin and End | |
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| Copy the List | |
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| |
| Destructor | |
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| Copy Constructor | |
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| |
| Overloading the Assignment Operator | |
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| Unordered Linked Lists | |
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| Search the List | |
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| Insert the First Node | |
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| Insert the Last Node | |
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| Header File of the Unordered Linked List | |
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| Ordered Linked Lists | |
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| Search the List | |
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| Insert a Node | |
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| Insert First and Insert Last | |
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| Delete a Node | |
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| |
| Header File of the Ordered Linked List | |
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| |
| Print a Linked List in Reverse Order (Recursion Revisited) | |
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| |
| printListReverse | |
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| |
| Doubly Linked Lists | |
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| |
| Default Constructor | |
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| |
| isEmptyList | |
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| |
| Destroy the List | |
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| |
| Initialize the List | |
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| |
| Length of the List | |
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| Print the List | |
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| Reverse Print the List | |
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| |
| Search the List | |
| |
| |
| First and Last Elements | |
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| |
| Circular Linked Lists | |
| |
| |
| Programming Example: Video Store | |
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| |
| Quick Review | |
| |
| |
| Exercises | |
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| |
| Programming Exercises | |
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| |
| |
| Stacks and Queues | |
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| |
| Stacks | |
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| |
| Stack Operations | |
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| |
| Implementation of Stacks as Arrays | |
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| |
| Initialize Stack | |
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| |
| Empty Stack | |
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| Full Stack | |
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| |
| Push | |
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| Return the Top Element | |
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| |
| Pop | |
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| |
| Copy Stack | |
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| |
| Constructor and Destructor | |
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| |
| Copy Constructor | |
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| Overloading the Assignment Operator (=) | |
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| Stack Header File | |
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| Programming Example: Highest GPA | |
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| Linked Implementation of Stacks | |
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| Default Constructor | |
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| Empty Stack and Full Stack | |
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| Initialize Stack | |
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| Push | |
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| Return the Top Element | |
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| Pop | |
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| Copy Stack | |
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| Constructors and Destructors | |
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| Overloading the Assignment Operator (=) | |
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| Stack as Derived from the class unorderedLinkedList | |
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| Application of Stacks: Postfix Expressions Calculator | |
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| Main Algorithm | |
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| Function evaluateExpression | |
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| Function evaluateOpr | |
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| Function discardExp | |
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| Function printResult | |
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| Removing Recursion: Nonrecursive Algorithm to Print a Linked List Backward | |
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| Queues | |
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| Queue Operations | |
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| Implementation of Queues as Arrays | |
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| Linked Implementation of Queues | |
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| Queue Derived from the class unorderedLinkedListType | |
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| Application of Queues: Simulation | |
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| Designing a Queuing System | |
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| Customer | |
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| Server | |
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| Server List | |
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| Waiting Customers Queue | |
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| Main Program | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Searching and Sorting Algorithms | |
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| Searching and Sorting Algorithms | |
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| Search Algorithms | |
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| Sequential Search | |
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| Binary Search | |
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| Performance of Binary Search | |
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| Binary Search Algorithm and the class orderedArrayListType | |
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| Asymptotic Notation: Big-O Notation | |
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| Lower Bound on Comparison-Based Search Algorithms | |
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| Sorting Algorithms | |
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| Sorting a List: Bubble Sort | |
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| Analysis: Bubble Sort | |
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| Bubble Sort Algorithm and the class unorderedArrayListType | |
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| Selection Sort: Array-Based Lists | |
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| Analysis: Selection Sort | |
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| Insertion Sort: Array-Based Lists | |
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| Analysis: Insertion Sort | |
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| Lower Bound on Comparison-Based Sort Algorithms | |
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| Quick Sort: Array-Based Lists | |
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| Analysis: Quick Sort | |
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| Merge Sort: Linked List-Based Lists | |
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| Divide | |
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| Merge | |
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| Analysis: Merge Sort | |
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| Programming Example: Election Results | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Binary Trees | |
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| Binary Trees | |
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| Copy Tree | |
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| Binary Tree Traversal | |
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| Implementing Binary Trees | |
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| Binary Search Trees | |
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| Binary Search Tree: Analysis | |
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| Nonrecursive Binary Tree Traversal Algorithms | |
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| Nonrecursive Inorder Traversal | |
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| Nonrecursive Preorder Traversal | |
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| Nonrecursive Postorder Traversal | |
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| Binary Tree Traversal and Functions as Parameters | |
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| Programming Example: Video Store (Revisited) | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Graphs | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Graph Definitions and Notations | |
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| Graph Representation | |
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| Adjacency Matrix | |
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| Adjacency Lists | |
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| Operations on Graphs | |
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| Graphs as ADTs | |
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| Graph Traversals | |
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| Depth First Traversal | |
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| Breadth First Traversal | |
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| Shortest Path Algorithm | |
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| Shortest Path | |
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| Minimal Spanning Tree | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Standard Template Library (STL) | |
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| Components of the STL | |
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| Container Types | |
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| Sequence Containers | |
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| Sequence Container: vector | |
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| Member Functions Common to All Containers | |
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| Member Functions Common to Sequence Containers | |
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| The copy Algorithm | |
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| Sequence Container: deque | |
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| Sequence Container: list | |
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| Iterators | |
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| Types of Iterators | |
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| Stream Iterators | |
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| Associative Containers | |
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| Associative Containers: set and multiset | |
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| Declaring set or multiset Associative Containers | |
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| Item Insertion and Deletion from set/multiset | |
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| Container Adapters | |
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| Stack | |
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| Queue | |
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| Containers, Associated Header Files, and Iterator Support | |
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| Algorithms | |
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| STL Algorithm Classification | |
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| Function Objects | |
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| Insert Iterator | |
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| STL Algorithms | |
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| The Functions fill and fill_n | |
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| The Functions generate and generate_n | |
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| The Functions find, find_if, find_end, and find_first_of | |
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| The Functions remove, remove_if, remove_copy, and remove_copy_if | |
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| The Functions replace, replace_if, replace_copy, and replace_copy_if | |
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| The Functions swap, iter_swap, and swap_ranges | |
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| The Functions search, search_n, sort, and binary_search | |
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| The Functions adjacent_find, merge, and inplace_merge | |
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| The Functions reverse, reverse_copy, rotate, and rotate_copy | |
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| The Functions count, count_if, max, max_element, min, min_element, and random_shuffle | |
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| The Functions for_each and transform | |
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| The Functions includes, set_intersection, set_union, set_difference, and set_symmetric_difference | |
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| The Functions accumulate, adjacent_difference, inner_product, and partial_sum | |
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| Quick Review | |
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| Exercises | |
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| Programming Exercises | |
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| Reserved Words | |
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| Operator Precedence | |
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| Character Sets | |
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| ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) | |
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| EBCDIC (Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code) | |
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| Operator Overloading | |
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| Additional C++ Topics | |
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| Binary (Base 2) Representation of a Non-Negative Integer | |
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| Converting a Base 10 Number to a Binary Number (Base 2) | |
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| Converting a Binary Number (Base 2) to Base 10 | |
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| More on File Input/Output | |
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| Binary Files | |
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| Random File Access | |
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| Header Files | |
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| Header File cassert (assert.h) | |
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| Header File cctype (ctype.h) | |
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| Header File cfloat (float.h) | |
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| Header File climits (limits.h) | |
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| Header File cmath (math.h) | |
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| Header File cstddef (stddef.h) | |
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| Header File cstring (string.h) | |
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| Memory Size on a System and Random Number Generator | |
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| Random Number Generator | |
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| References | |
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| Answers to Odd Numbered Exercises | |
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| Chapter 1 | |
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| Chapter 2 | |
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| Chapter 3 | |
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| Chapter 4 | |
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| Chapter 5 | |
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| Chapter 6 | |
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| Chapter 7 | |
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| Chapter 8 | |
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| Chapter 9 | |
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| Chapter 10 | |
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| Chapter 11 | |
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| Chapter 12 | |
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| Chapter 13 | |
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| Chapter 14 | |
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| Chapter 15 | |
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| Chapter 16 | |
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| Chapter 17 | |
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| Chapter 18 | |
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| Chapter 19 | |
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| Chapter 20 | |
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| Chapter 21 | |
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| Chapter 22 | |
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| Index | |