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Acoustics: Characteristics of the Sound Source and the Medium Important to Auditory Perception | |
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Simple Harmonic Motion, Sine Waves, and Pure Tones | |
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Vibration | |
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Repetitive Linear Motion | |
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Simple Harmonic Motion | |
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Sine Waves | |
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Important Characteristics of Sine Waves | |
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Adding Sine Waves | |
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Special Cases | |
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Fourier Synthesis and Fourier Analysis | |
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Vibrations and Sound | |
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Pure Tones | |
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Complex Tones | |
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Aperiodic Sounds | |
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Sound Transmission and Sound Waves | |
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Sound Transmission | |
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The Source | |
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The Medium | |
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The Receiver | |
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Important Characteristics of Sound Transmission and Sound Waves | |
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Propagation Velocity | |
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Wavelength | |
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Sound Wave Motion | |
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Sound Measurement and the Decibel Scale | |
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The Decibel Scale | |
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Logarithmic Scales | |
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Ratios | |
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References Used in the Decibel Scale | |
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The Sound Pressure Level Reference (dB SPL) | |
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The Hearing Level Reference (dB HL) | |
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The Sensation Level Reference (dB SL) | |
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Some Caveats Regarding the Decibel | |
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Decibel Computation | |
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Applying the Equations | |
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Conceptual Application of the Decibel | |
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The Pressure Formula | |
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The Intensity Formula | |
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Everyday Examples | |
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Given the Intensity or Pressure Ratio | |
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Applying the Decibel Concept to a New Problem | |
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Intensity: Intensity as an Important Stimulus Variable to Auditory Perception | |
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Auditory Sensitivity | |
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Detection and the Absolute Threshold | |
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Measuring Absolute Threshold and the Psychometric Function | |
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Audibility and Sensitivity | |
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Previous Studies of Normal Human Auditory Sensitivity | |
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What the Sivian and White Results Tell Us About Normal Human Auditory Sensitivity | |
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Loudness | |
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Perception Versus Stimulus Variables | |
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Stimulus Intensity and Its Effect on Loudness | |
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Direct Magnitude Estimation | |
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Direct Magnitude Production | |
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Units of Loudness Estimation | |
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Stimulus Frequency and Its Effect on Loudness | |
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Generating an Equal Loudness Contour Using a Loudness Balance Procedure | |
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Fletcher and Munson's Equal Loudness Contours | |
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Units of Loudness Estimation Using a Loudness Balance Procedure | |
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What Fletcher and Munson Tell Us About the Effect of Frequency on Loudness | |
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What Fletcher and Munson Tell Us About Loudness Growth Across Frequency | |
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Explaining Loudness Perception | |
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Intensity Discrimination | |
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Discrimination Thresholds: Terminology and Relevance | |
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Experimental Measurements of Normal Auditory Intensity Discrimination | |
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Another Method for Estimating Intensity Discrimination Thresholds | |
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Normal Human Auditory Differential Thresholds for Intensity | |
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The Role of Intensity on Differential Sensitivity for Intensity | |
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The Role of Frequency on Differential Sensitivity for Intensity | |
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Scientific Interest in Differential Sensitivity | |
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A Model to Explain Our Differential Sensitivity for Intensity | |
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Frequency: Frequency as an Important Stimulus Variable to Auditory Perception | |
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Masking | |
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Experimental Paradigm and Important Terms | |
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Some Caveats Regarding the Amount of Masking | |
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When the Masker is a Wideband Noise | |
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When the Masker Is a Pure Tone | |
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When the Masker Is a Narrow Band of Noise | |
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Getting Ready for Theory | |
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Frequency Selectivity and the Critical Band | |
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Filters | |
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High-Pass Filters | |
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Low-Pass Filters | |
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Band-Pass Filters | |
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Early Work on the Critical Band Theory | |
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Fletcher's Logic | |
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Fletcher's Legacy | |
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Frequency Discrimination | |
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Measuring Frequency Discrimination | |
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Frequency Discrimination as a Function of Signal Frequency | |
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Frequency Discrimination and the Critical Band | |
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Frequency Discrimination and Weber's Law | |
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Frequency Discrimination as a Function of Intensity | |
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Pitch Perception | |
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Stimulus Frequency and Its Effect on Pitch | |
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Stimulus Intensity and Its Effect on Pitch | |
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Comparing Pitch Estimation Procedures | |
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Competing Theories of Pitch Perception | |
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The Place Theory of Pitch Perception | |
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The Volley Theory of Pitch Perception | |
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Place Theory or Volley Theory-Which Is The Right One? | |
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Pitch Perception of Simple Sounds | |
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Pitch Perception of Complex Sounds | |
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A Modern-Day Theory of Pitch Perception | |
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Duration: Duration as an Important Stimulus Variable to Auditory Perception | |
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Stimulus Duration and Its Role in Audibility, Loudness, and Discrimination | |
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Stimulus Duration and Audibility | |
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Stimulus Duration and Loudness Perception | |
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Stimulus Duration and Discrimination | |
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Differential Thresholds for Duration | |
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The Effect of Stimulus Duration on Other Differential Thresholds | |
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Auditory Fatigue and Adaptation | |
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Long-Term Poststimulatory Auditory Fatigue | |
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Interpreting the Magnitude of TTS | |
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Experimental Parameters Affecting the Amount of Temporary Threshold Shift | |
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Summary Remarks Regarding Long-Term Poststimulatory Auditory Fatigue | |
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Loudness Adaptation | |
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Measuring Loudness Adaptation | |
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Important Characteristics of Loudness Adaptation | |
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Comparison of Long-Term Poststimulatory Auditory Fatigue to Loudness Adaptation | |
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Introduction to Binaural Hearing | |
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Localization | |
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Acoustic and Auditory Cues Involved in Localization | |
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Other Auditory perceptions as a Consequence of Interaural Phase and Interaural Intensity Differences | |
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Binaural Masking Level Differences | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |