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Preface | |
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Introduction | |
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Introduction to Critical Thinking | |
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Learning How You Think | |
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Discovery Exercise | |
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Experiencing How We Actually Think: An Exercise for the Whole Class to Complete Together | |
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Learning from Sharing How We Think | |
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What Is Critical Thinking? Comparisons to Creative Thinking | |
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Diagram: Different Functions of Left and Right Brain | |
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Why Learn Critical Thinking? The Habits of Critical Thinking | |
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Box: Habits of a Critical Thinker | |
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Box: The values of Critical Thinking | |
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Chart: The Composition Sequence | |
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Basics of Critical Thinking | |
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Observation Skills: What''s Out There? Discovery Exercises | |
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Comparing Our Perceptions | |
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What Is Observing? Observing a Cube | |
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Observation and Insight | |
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Using Observation Skills to Develop New Knowledge Reading | |
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Look at Your Fish, by Samuel H | |
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Scudder | |
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Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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Observing the Familiar: Vegetables and Fruit | |
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Evaluating Your Work by Using the Scoring Boxes | |
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Alternate Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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Observing the Unfamiliar: A Tool | |
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The Observation Process: Sensing, Perceiving, Thinking | |
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Barriers to Observation | |
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How Discomfort Leads Us to Think | |
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Diagram: A Choice for Thinking | |
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The Rewards of Skilled Observation | |
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Building Arguments | |
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Observation Skills | |
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Reading | |
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The Innocent Eye, by Dorr Bothwell | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Chapter Quiz | |
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Composition Writing Application | |
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Survival as a Result of Observing: A Descriptive Narrative Essay | |
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Reading | |
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Desert Solitaire, by Edward Abbey | |
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Optional Internet Research Assignment | |
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Word Precision: How Do I Describe It? Discovery Exercise | |
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Words Matching Senses | |
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Reading | |
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On Finding the Right Word | |
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Discovery Exercise | |
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Sorting Out Confusion about Dictionaries | |
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How Well Do You Use Your Dictionary? Clear Thinking Depends on Clear Word Definitions | |
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What Makes a Definition? Diagram: Definition Boundaries | |
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Exercise | |
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Word Boundaries | |
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Kinds of Definitions | |
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The Connotations of Words | |
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vi Contents | |
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The Importance of Defining Key Ideas | |
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Word Concepts | |
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Defining Reality | |
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Defining Truth | |
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What Is Critical Reading? Building Arguments | |
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Word Choices | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Chapter Quiz | |
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Composition Writing Application | |
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A Short Essay of Definition | |
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Box: Clustering | |
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Readings | |
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Modern Slavery by Kevin Bales | |
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Fighting for Our Lives, by Deborah Tannen | |
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Saved, by Malcolm X | |
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Advanced Optional Writing Assignment | |
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Optional Internet Research Assignment | |
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Facts: What''s Real? Discovery Exercises | |
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Beginning with the Word Fact | |
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Learning to Recognize Facts | |
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Verifying Facts | |
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Facts and Reality | |
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Facts Are Not Absolutes | |
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Discerning Facts from Fiction | |
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Feelings Can Be Facts | |
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Facts and Social Pressure | |
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Diagram: Standard and Comparison Lines in the Asch Experiment | |
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Facts and Our Limited Senses | |
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Reading | |
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The Blind Men and the Elephant | |
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Statements of Fact | |
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Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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Using a List of Facts to Describe a Photograph | |
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Standards We Use to Determine Facts | |
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Chapter Summary | |
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Chapter Quiz | |
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Contents vii | |
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Composition Writing Application | |
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Writing a Short Fact-Finding Report | |
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Reading | |
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The Accident and Aftermath, by Hayden Herrera | |
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Advanced Optional Writing Assignment | |
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Language and Personal Power | |
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Readings | |
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Lies My Teacher Told Me | |
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Loewen | |
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Fast Food Nation, by Eric Schlosser | |
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Building Arguments | |
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Facts | |
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Optional Internet Research Assignment | |
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Inferences: What Follows? Discovery Exercise | |
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Recognizing Inferential Thinking | |
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Understanding the Words Infer and Inference | |
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Discovery Exercises | |
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Drawing Inferences from Evidence | |
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Drawing Inferences from Facts | |
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Distinguishing Inferences from Facts | |
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How Inferences Can Go Right and Wrong | |
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Reading | |
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A Study in Scarlett, by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle | |
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Drawing Inferences from Careful Observation | |
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Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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Using Facts and Inferences to Describe a Photograph | |
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Generalizations Are Inferences | |
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Composition Writing Application | |
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Writing a Paragraph from Facts, Inferences, and Generalizations | |
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Core Discovery Writing Application | |
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Analyzing the Use of Facts and Inferences in a Newspaper Article | |
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Reading | |
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Tougher Grading | |