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| Preface to the Third Edition | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Conceptualizing Content Analysis | |
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| History | |
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| Some Precursors | |
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| Quantitative Newspaper Analysis | |
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| Early Content Analysis | |
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| Propaganda Analysis | |
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| Content Analysis Generalized | |
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| Computer Text Analysis | |
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| Qualitative Approaches | |
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| Conceptual Foundation | |
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| Definition | |
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| Epistemological Elaborations | |
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| Examples | |
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| Framework | |
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| Texts | |
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| Research Questions | |
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| Context | |
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| Analytical Constructs | |
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| Inferences | |
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| Validating Evidence | |
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| Contrasts and Comparisons | |
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| Uses and Inferences | |
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| Traditional Overviews | |
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| Extrapolations | |
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| Trends | |
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| Patterns | |
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| Differences | |
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| Standards | |
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| Identifications | |
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| Evaluations | |
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| Judgments | |
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| Indices and Symptoms | |
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| Linguistic Re-Presentations | |
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| Conversations | |
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| Institutional Processes | |
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| Areas of Likely Success | |
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| Components of Content Analysis | |
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| The Logic of Content Analysis Designs | |
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| Content Analysis Designs | |
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| Components | |
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| Quantitative and Qualitative Content Analysis | |
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| Designs Preparatory to Content Analysis | |
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| Operationalizing Available Knowledge of the Context | |
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| Testing Analytical Constructs as Hypotheses | |
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| Developing a Discriminant Function | |
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| Designs Exceeding Content Analysis | |
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| Comparing Similar Phenomena Inferred From Different Bodies of Texts | |
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| Testing Relationships Among Phenomena Inferred From One Body of Texts | |
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| Testing Hypotheses Concerning How Content Analysis Results Relate to Other Variables | |
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| Unitizing | |
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| Units | |
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| Types of Units | |
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| Sampling Units | |
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| Recording/Coding Units | |
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| Context Units | |
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| Ways of Defining Units | |
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| Physical Distinctions | |
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| Syntactical Distinctions | |
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| Categorial Distinctions | |
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| Propositional Distinctions | |
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| Thematic Distinctions | |
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| Productivity, Efficiency, and Reliability | |
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| Sampling | |
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| Sampling in Theory | |
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| Sampling Techniques Applicable to Texts | |
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| Random Sampling | |
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| Systematic Sampling | |
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| Stratified Sampling | |
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| Varying Probability Sampling | |
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| Cluster Sampling | |
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| Snowball Sampling | |
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| Relevance Sampling | |
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| Census | |
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| Convenience Sampling | |
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| Sample Size | |
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| Statistical Sampling Theory | |
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| Sampling Experiments | |
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| The Split-Half Technique | |
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| Recording/Coding | |
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| The Function of Recording and Coding | |
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| Coder Qualifications | |
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| Cognitive Abilities | |
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| Background | |
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| Frequency | |
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| Coder Training | |
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| Approaches to Defining the Semantics of Data | |
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| Verbal Designations | |
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| Extensional Lists | |
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| Decision Schemes | |
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| Magnitudes and Scales | |
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| Simulation of Hypothesis Testing | |
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| Simulation of Interviewing | |
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| Constructs for Closure | |
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| Records | |
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| Administrative Information | |
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| Information on the Organization of Records | |
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| Substantive Information About the Phenomena of Interest | |
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| Data Languages | |
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| The Place of Data Languages in Analysis | |
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| Definitions | |
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| Variables | |
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| Nominal Variables | |
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| Orderings | |
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| Chains | |
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| Recursions | |
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| Cubes | |
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| Trees | |
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| Metrics | |
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| Ordinal Metrics | |
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| Interval Metrics | |
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| Ratio Metrics | |
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| Mathematical Operations | |
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| Analytical Constructs | |
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| The Role of Analytical Constructs | |
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| Sources of Certainty | |
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| Previous Successes and Failures | |
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| Expert Knowledge and Experience | |
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| Established Theories | |
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| Embodied Practices | |
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| Types of Constructs | |
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| Extrapolations | |
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| Applications of Standards | |
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| Indices and Symptoms | |
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| Re-Presentations | |
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| Conversations/Interactions | |
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| Institutional Processes | |
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| Sources of Uncertainty | |
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| Variance of the Target | |
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| Confidence Levels | |
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| Appropriateness of the Construct | |
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| Analytical Paths and Evaluative Techniques | |
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| Analytical/Representational Techniques | |
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| Counts | |
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| Cross-Tabulations, Associations, and Correlations | |
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| Multivariate Techniques | |
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| Factor Analysis and Multidimensional Scaling | |
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| Images, Portrayals, Semantic Nodes, and Profiles | |
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| Contingencies and Contingency Analysis | |
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| Clustering | |
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| Computer Aids | |
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| What Computers Do | |
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| How Computers Can Aid Content Analyses | |
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| Text Analyses | |
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| Accounts of Character Strings | |
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| Text Mining | |
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| Mining Textual Evidence for Theories | |
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| Webgraph Analyses | |
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| Computational Content Analyses | |
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| Coding/Dictionary Approaches | |
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| Statistical Association Approaches | |
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| Semantic Network Approaches | |
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| Memetic Approaches | |
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| Qualitative Data Analysis Support | |
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| Frontiers | |
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| Intelligent Browsers | |
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| Common Platforms | |
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| Computational Theories of Meaning | |
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| Utilization of Intertextualities | |
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| Natural Interfaces | |
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| Reliability | |
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| Why Reliability? | |
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| Reliability Designs | |
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| Types of Reliability | |
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| Conditions for Generating Reliability Data | |
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| Reliability Data | |
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| �-Agreement for Coding | |
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| The Direct Path to � | |
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| The Indirect Path to � via Coincidence Matrices | |
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| Difference Functions for Data With Various Metrics | |
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| Some Typical Cases | |
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| Some Contested Coefficients and Correspondences | |
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| �-Agreement for Unitizing | |
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| Reliability Data for Unitizing | |
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| Difference Functions for Unitizing | |
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| Computing <sub>u</sub>� for Unitizing | |
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| �-Agreement for Coding Identified Units of Unequal Size | |
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| Statistical Properties of � | |
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| Insufficient Variation | |
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| Statistical Significance | |
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| Sampling Considerations | |
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| Standards for the Reliability of Data | |
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| Validity | |
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| Validity Defined | |
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| A Typology for Validating Evidence | |
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| Sampling Validity | |
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| Semantic Validity | |
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| Structural Validity | |
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| Functional Validity | |
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| Correlative Validity | |
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| Predictive Validity | |
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| A Practical Guide | |
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| Designing an Analysis | |
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| Text-Driven Analyses | |
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| Problem-Driven Analyses | |
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| Method-Driven Analyses | |
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| Writing a Research Proposal | |
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| Rhetorical Function | |
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| Contractual Function | |
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| Outline for a Research Proposal | |
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| Applying the Research Design | |
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| Narrating the Results | |
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| Outline for a Research Report | |
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| Glossary | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |
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| About the Author | |