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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Key Idea: Rational Offending and Rational Punishment | |
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| The Social Context of Criminal Punishment | |
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| Beccaria's Proposal | |
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| Why It Caught On | |
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| Influence: The Rise of the Classical School of Criminology | |
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| Empirical Analyses and Critiques of Free Will, Rationality, and Deterrence | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Key Idea: The Science of Criminal Behavior | |
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| The Social Context: A Time Without Criminology | |
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| The Road to Lombroso | |
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| Lombroso and the Body of the Criminal | |
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| The Dissemination of Lombroso's Theories | |
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| Criticisms of Lombroso's Theories | |
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| Lombroso's Influence | |
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| Europe | |
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| The United States | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Key Idea: Understanding Crime and Society | |
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| The Social Context of the Early Twentieth Century | |
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| Social Disorganization and Anomie/Strain Theories | |
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| Social Disorganization Theory | |
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| Merton's Anomie/Strain Theory | |
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| Rejecting Individualism | |
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| The Legacy of Anomie/Strain and Social Disorganization Theories | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Key Idea: Hirschi's Social Bond/Social Control Theory | |
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| The Social Context of the 1960s | |
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| Social Bond/Social Control Theory | |
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| The Marketing of Social Bond/Social Control Theory | |
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| A New Approach to Theory Construction | |
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| Operationalizing Theories | |
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| Theoretical �Fight Club� | |
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| The Legacy of Social Bond/Social Control Theory | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Key Idea: Rehabilitation Is Dead | |
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| The Martinson Report | |
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| Social Context | |
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| Getting the Word Out | |
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| The Influence of the Martinson Report | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Key Idea: Crime Control Through Selective Incapacitation | |
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| The Context: Criminology, Criminal Justice Policy, and Society in the 1970s | |
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| Thinking About Crime | |
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| Why It Caught On | |
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| Selective Incapacitation's Effect on Criminal Justice and Criminology: Empirical Tests, Empirical Critiques, and Ethical Dilemmas | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Key Idea: The Police Can Control Crime | |
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| The Context of Criminology and Policing | |
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| Broken Windows Theory: Revamping the Police Role | |
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| How Broken Windows Theory Reached Its Audience | |
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| The Influence of Broken Windows Theory | |
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| Policing, Broken Windows Style | |
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| The Economics of Order Maintenance: The Rise of the Business Improvement District | |
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| Empirical Tests and Critiques of Broken Windows Theory and Policing | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Key Idea: The War on Drugs | |
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| Winning the War is Easy-Just Say No! | |
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| The 1980s in Context | |
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| The Magic in �Just Say No� | |
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| The Impact of �Just Say No� | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Key Idea: Rehabilitation-Not Dead Yet | |
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| The Principles of Risk, Need, and Responsivity | |
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| Risk | |
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| Need | |
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| Responsivity | |
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| Putting the Principles to the Test | |
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| Social Context | |
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| Disseminating the Principles of Effective Rehabilitation | |
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| The Impact of Meta-Analysis and the Principles of Effective Rehabilitation | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Key Idea: Crime and the Life Course | |
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| The Criminological Context of the Early 1990s | |
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| Life Course Theories in Criminology | |
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| Stability or Change: Moffitt's Dual Taxonomy | |
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| Stability and Change: Sampson and Laub's Theory of Age-Graded Informal Social Control | |
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| Constructing Testable Theories | |
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| Life Course Theory Catches On | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Looking Back, Looking Forward: Conclusions | |
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| Looking Back: The Glaring Omissions? | |
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| Social Learning Theory | |
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| Routine Activity Theory | |
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| The Legitimate Contenders | |
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| Labeling Theory | |
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| Discipline and Punish | |
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| Looking Forward: The Future of Criminology and Criminal Justice | |
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| Reintegrate Shaming | |
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| Biology Redux | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| Discussion Questions | |
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| References | |
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| Name Index | |
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| Subject Index | |
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| About the Authors | |