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Preface | |
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Assessing Current Practices | |
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Contemporary Issues in Social Service Program Planning and Administration | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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The Era of Accountability | |
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The Logic Model | |
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Community Focus | |
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The Issue of Effectiveness | |
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Assessing an Existing Program | |
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What Is Effectiveness-Based Program Planning? | |
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Using Effectiveness Principles to Understand Existing Programs | |
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Problem Analysis/Needs Assessment | |
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The Contribution of Theory to Program Planning | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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The Use of Theory in Program Planning | |
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Theory of Practice | |
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Theory in Practice | |
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Theory of Program Planning | |
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Types of Planning | |
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Theory in Program Planning | |
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Understanding Social Problems | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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Addressing Social Problems | |
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Stating Problems as Solutions | |
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The Need for a New Approach | |
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Identifying a Social Condition | |
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Defining Problems | |
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Frameworks for Problem Analysis | |
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Needs Assessment: Theoretical Considerations | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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The Concept of Need | |
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Theoretical Understandings of Need | |
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Needs Assessment and the Planning Process | |
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Factors Influencing the Definition of Need | |
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Different Perspectives on Need | |
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Need Categories and the Planning Process | |
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Determining Who Is in Need | |
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Two Major Problems: Reliability and Availability of Data | |
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Needs Assessment: Approaches to Measurement | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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Methodologies Used in Measuring Need | |
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Extrapolating From Existing Studies (Normative Need) | |
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Using Resource Inventories (Normative Need) | |
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Using Service Statistics (Expressed Need) | |
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Conducting a Social Survey (Perceived Need) | |
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Holding a Public Forum (Perceived Need) | |
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Selecting the Best Method | |
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Approaches Useful for Locating Concentrations of High-Risk Groups | |
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Concluding Comments on Needs Assessment | |
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Planning, Designing, and Tracking The Intervention | |
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Selecting the Appropriate Intervention Strategy | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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The Program Hypothesis | |
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Types of Program Hypotheses | |
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The Process of Developing a Program Hypothesis | |
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Program Hypotheses and the Idea of Consequences | |
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From Program Hypothesis to Service | |
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Incorporating Problem Analysis Into Program Design | |
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Setting Goals and Objectives | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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Goals and Objectives: A Framework for Action | |
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From Program Hypothesis to Goals and Objectives | |
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The Function of a Mission Statement | |
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The Formulation of Goals | |
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The Formulation of Objectives | |
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Requirements for All Objectives | |
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Outcome Objectives | |
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Process Objectives and Activities | |
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Integrating Outcome Objectives, Process Objectives, and Activities | |
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Designing Effective Programs | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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The Significance of Program Design | |
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Designing the Elements of a System | |
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Defining the Elements of a Program | |
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The Relationship Between Objectives and System Components | |
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Specifying the Program Hypothesis | |
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Using Management Information | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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Documentation Practices in Social Services | |
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Designing a Data Collection System for a Program | |
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Calculating The Costs and Value of The Intervention | |
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Budgeting for Control, Management, and Planning | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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The Differences Between Budgeting and Accounting | |
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The Principal Purposes of Budgeting | |
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Budgeting and the Systems Framework | |
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Models of the Budgetary Process | |
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Major Budgeting Systems | |
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Dealing With Revenue Increases and Decreases | |
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Budgeting in Social Service Agencies Today | |
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Line-Item, Functional, and Program Budgeting Systems | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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The Focus of Major Budgeting Systems | |
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Line-Item Budgeting Systems | |
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The Link Between Line-Item Budgeting and Functional and Program Budgeting | |
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Functional Budgeting Systems | |
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Program Budgeting Systems | |
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A Comprehensive Budgeting System | |
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Performance Measurement, Monitoring, and Program Evaluation: Data Requirements | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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The Link Between Performance Measurement, Monitoring and Evaluation, and Management Information Systems | |
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Feedback and Self-Evaluating Systems | |
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Performance Measurement | |
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Monitoring | |
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Program Evaluation | |
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Program Data Requirements | |
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Performance Measurement, Monitoring, Program Evaluation, and Program Data | |
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The Utility of Performance Measurement, Monitoring, and Program Evaluation | |
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Program Impact Evaluation and Hypothesis Testing | |
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Chapter Overview | |
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Differentiating Program Evaluation From Performance Measurement | |
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Impact Program Evaluation | |
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Impact Program Evaluation and Hypothesis Testing | |
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Research Designs for Impact Program Evaluation | |
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A Concluding Comment | |
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About the Authors | |