| |
| |
| List of Tables and Figures | |
| |
| |
| Foreword | |
| |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| About the Authors | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Guide for Teachers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction to the Process of Bridging | |
| |
| |
| Assessment and Teaching | |
| |
| |
| Bridging in Classrooms | |
| |
| |
| Overview of Bridging | |
| |
| |
| Distinctive Features of Bridging | |
| |
| |
| Bridiging for Preservice and Inservice Teachers | |
| |
| |
| Overview of the Bridging Handbook | |
| |
| |
| |
| Assessing the Content of Children's Learning | |
| |
| |
| Diversity and Individual Differences | |
| |
| |
| Diverse Curricular Areas | |
| |
| |
| Promoting Underlying Concept Development | |
| |
| |
| Key Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Performance Rubrics | |
| |
| |
| Learning Profiles | |
| |
| |
| Actual and Potential Development | |
| |
| |
| |
| Assessing the Process of Children's Learning | |
| |
| |
| Approaches to Learning | |
| |
| |
| Defining Approaches to Learning | |
| |
| |
| Rubrics to Measure Working Approaches | |
| |
| |
| Sources of Variability in Working Approaches | |
| |
| |
| Working Approaches in the Bridging Process | |
| |
| |
| |
| Activity as the Unit of Analysis in Bridging Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Unit of Analysis in Child Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Activity as the Unit of Analysis in Bridging Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Conceptual Framework of Bridging | |
| |
| |
| Bridging Activities as Basic Activities | |
| |
| |
| Bridging Activities and Play | |
| |
| |
| |
| Task Parameters in Bridging Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Task Parameters in Bridging Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Task Goals | |
| |
| |
| Key Concepts and Skills | |
| |
| |
| Materials | |
| |
| |
| Social Arrangements | |
| |
| |
| Structure of Tasks | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Teacher Roles in Bridging Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Overview of Teacher Roles | |
| |
| |
| Decision Maker | |
| |
| |
| Participant | |
| |
| |
| Observer | |
| |
| |
| Interpreter | |
| |
| |
| Translator | |
| |
| |
| Integrating Roles and Teacher Development | |
| |
| |
| Bridges to Effective Teaching | |
| |
| |
| |
| Implementation of Assessment Activities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Implementing Bridging | |
| |
| |
| Implementing Bridging in the Classroom Context | |
| |
| |
| Becoming Familiar With Activity Protocols | |
| |
| |
| Planning the Assessment | |
| |
| |
| Conducting Bridging Activities | |
| |
| |
| Interpreting the Assessment Results | |
| |
| |
| Linking Assessment to Teaching | |
| |
| |
| Activities: Language Arts and Literacy | |
| |
| |
| What We Know | |
| |
| |
| What Bridging Provides | |
| |
| |
| Why These Three Activities | |
| |
| |
| Standards and Language Arts and Literacy Bridging Activities | |
| |
| |
| Reading a Book-Child's Choice and Teacher's Choice | |
| |
| |
| Dictating a Story | |
| |
| |
| Acting Out a Story | |
| |
| |
| Activities: Visual Arts | |
| |
| |
| What We Know | |
| |
| |
| What Bridging Provides | |
| |
| |
| Why These Three Activities | |
| |
| |
| Standards and Visual Arts Bridging Activities | |
| |
| |
| Experimenting With Crayon Techniques | |
| |
| |
| Drawing a Self-Portrait | |
| |
| |
| Making Pattern Block Pictures | |
| |
| |
| Activities: Mathematics | |
| |
| |
| What We Know | |
| |
| |
| What Bridging Provides | |
| |
| |
| Why These Three Activities | |
| |
| |
| Standards and Mathematics Bridging Activities | |
| |
| |
| Creating Pattern Block Pinwheels | |
| |
| |
| Solving Pattern Block Puzzles | |
| |
| |
| Exploring Number Concepts (Counting, Subtracting, Estimating, and "Fair Share"-Simple Division) | |
| |
| |
| Activities: Sciences | |
| |
| |
| What We Know | |
| |
| |
| What Bridging Provides | |
| |
| |
| Why These Three Activities | |
| |
| |
| Standards and Science Bridging Activities | |
| |
| |
| Exploring Shadows and Light | |
| |
| |
| Assembling a Nature Display | |
| |
| |
| Building a Model Car | |
| |
| |
| Activities: Performing Arts | |
| |
| |
| What We Know | |
| |
| |
| What Bridging Provides | |
| |
| |
| Why These Three Activities | |
| |
| |
| Standards and Performing Arts Bridging Activities | |
| |
| |
| Moving to Music | |
| |
| |
| Playing an Instrument | |
| |
| |
| Singing a Song | |
| |
| |
| References and Recommended Readings | |
| |
| |
| Facilitator's Guide to Bridging and Teacher Development | |
| |
| |
| Inservice Professional Development | |
| |
| |
| Professional Studies for Preservice Teacher Candidates | |
| |
| |
| Building a Community of Learners | |
| |
| |
| Index | |