| |
| |
| |
Psychometrics and the Importance of Psychological Measurement | |
| |
| |
Observable Behavior and Unobservable Attributes | |
| |
| |
Psychological Tests: Definition and Types | |
| |
| |
Psychometrics | |
| |
| |
Challenges to Measurement in Psychology | |
| |
| |
Theme: The Importance of Individual Differences | |
| |
| |
| |
Scaling | |
| |
| |
Fundamental Issues and Numbers | |
| |
| |
Units of Measurement | |
| |
| |
Additivity and Counting | |
| |
| |
Four Scales of Measurement | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Individual Differences and Correlations | |
| |
| |
The Nature of Variability | |
| |
| |
Importance of Individual Differences | |
| |
| |
Variability and Distribution of Scores | |
| |
| |
Distribution Shapes and Normal Distributions | |
| |
| |
Quantifying the Association Between Distributions | |
| |
| |
Variance of "Composite Scores" | |
| |
| |
Interpreting Test Scores | |
| |
| |
Test Norms | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Test Dimensionality and Factor Analysis | |
| |
| |
Test Dimensionality | |
| |
| |
Factor Analysis: Examining the Dimensionality of a Test | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Reliability: Conceptual Basis | |
| |
| |
Overview of Reliability and Classical Test Theory | |
| |
| |
Observed Scores, True Scores and Measurement Error | |
| |
| |
Variances in Observed Scores, True Scores and Error Scores | |
| |
| |
Four Ways to Think of Reliability | |
| |
| |
Reliability and the Standard Error of Measurement | |
| |
| |
Parallel Tests | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Empirical Estimates of Reliability | |
| |
| |
Alternate Forms Reliability | |
| |
| |
Test-Retest Reliability | |
| |
| |
Internal Consistency Reliability | |
| |
| |
Factors Affecting the Reliability of Test Scores | |
| |
| |
Sample Homogeneity and Reliability Generalization | |
| |
| |
Reliability of Difference Scores | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
Importance of Reliability | |
| |
| |
Behavioral Research | |
| |
| |
Applied Behavioral Practice: Evaluation of an Individual's Test Score | |
| |
| |
Test Construction and Refinement | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Validity: The Conceptual Basis | |
| |
| |
What is Validity? | |
| |
| |
Validity Evidence: Test Content | |
| |
| |
Validity Evidence: Internal Structure of the Test | |
| |
| |
Validity Evidence: Response Processes | |
| |
| |
Validity Evidence: Associations with Other Variables | |
| |
| |
Validity Evidence: Consequences of Testing | |
| |
| |
Other Perspectives on Validity | |
| |
| |
Contrasting Reliability and Validity | |
| |
| |
The Importance of Validity | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Validity: Estimating and Evaluating Convergent and Discriminant Validity | |
| |
| |
Methods for Evaluating Convergent and Discriminant Validity | |
| |
| |
Factors Affecting a Validity Coefficient | |
| |
| |
Interpreting a Validity Coefficient | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Response Biases | |
| |
| |
Types of Response Biases | |
| |
| |
Methods for Coping with Response Biases | |
| |
| |
Response Biases, Response Sets, and Response Styles | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Test Bias | |
| |
| |
Why Worry about Test Score Bias | |
| |
| |
Detecting Construct Bias: Internal Evaluation of a Test | |
| |
| |
Detecting Predictive Bias: External Evaluation of a Test | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Generalizability Theory | |
| |
| |
Multiple Facets of Measurement | |
| |
| |
Generalizability and Variance Components | |
| |
| |
G Studies and D Studies | |
| |
| |
Conducting and Interpreting Generalizability Theory Analysis: A One-facet | |
| |
| |
Design | |
| |
| |
Conducting and Interpreting Generalizability Theory Analysis: A Two-facet | |
| |
| |
Design | |
| |
| |
Other Measurement Designs | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Footnote | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |
| |
| |
| |
Item Response Theory and Rasch Models | |
| |
| |
Basics of IRT | |
| |
| |
IRT Measurement Models | |
| |
| |
An Example of IRT: A Rasch Model | |
| |
| |
Item and Test Information | |
| |
| |
Applications of IRT | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Suggested Readings | |