| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Notes on Downloading Software | |
| |
| |
| |
| Using Speech Corpora in Phonetics Research | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Place of Corpora in the Phonetic Analysis of Speech | |
| |
| |
| |
| Existing Speech Corpora for Phonetic Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Designing Your Own Corpus | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary and Structure of the Book | |
| |
| |
| |
| Some Tools for Building and Querying Annotated Speech Databases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overview | |
| |
| |
| |
| Getting Started with Existing Speech Databases | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interface between Praat and Emu | |
| |
| |
| |
| Interface to R | |
| |
| |
| |
| Creating a New Speech Database: From Praat to Emu to R | |
| |
| |
| |
| A First Look at the Template File | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Applying Routines for Speech Signal Processing | |
| |
| |
| |
| Introduction | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculating, Displaying, and Correcting Formants | |
| |
| |
| |
| Reading the Formants into R | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Querying Annotation Structures | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Emu Query Tool, Segment Tiers, and Event Tiers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extending the Range of Queries: Annotations from the Same Tier | |
| |
| |
| |
| Inter-tier Links and Queries | |
| |
| |
| |
| Entering Structured Annotations with Emu | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conversion of a Structured Annotation to a Praat TextGrid | |
| |
| |
| |
| Graphical User Interface to the Emu Query Language | |
| |
| |
| |
| Re-querying Segment Lists | |
| |
| |
| |
| Building Annotation Structures Semi-automatically with Emu-Tcl | |
| |
| |
| |
| Branching Paths | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Introduction to Speech Data Analysis in R: A Study of an EMA Database | |
| |
| |
| |
| EMA | |
| |
| |
| Recordings and the ema5 Database | |
| |
| |
| |
| Handling Segment Lists and Vectors in Emu-R | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Analysis of Voice-Onset Time | |
| |
| |
| |
| Intergestural Coordination and Ensemble Plots | |
| |
| |
| |
| Intragestural Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of Formants and Formant Transitions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vowel Ellipses in the F2�F1 Plane | |
| |
| |
| |
| Outliers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vowel Targets | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vowel Normalization | |
| |
| |
| |
| Euclidean Distances | |
| |
| |
| |
| Vowel Undershoot and Formant Smoothing | |
| |
| |
| |
| F2 Locus, Place of Articulation, and Variability | |
| |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Electropalatography | |
| |
| |
| |
| Palatography and Electropalatography | |
| |
| |
| |
| An Overview of Electropalatography in Emu-R | |
| |
| |
| |
| EPG Data-Reduced Objects | |
| |
| |
| |
| Analysis of EPG Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spectral Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Background to Spectral Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spectral Average, Sum, Ratio, Difference, Slope | |
| |
| |
| |
| Spectral Moments | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Discrete Cosine Transformation | |
| |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification | |
| |
| |
| |
| Probability and Bayes' Theorem | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification: Continuous Data | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculating Conditional Probabilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Calculating Posterior Probabilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Two Parameters: The Bivariate Normal Distribution and Ellipses | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classification in Two Dimensions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classifications in Higher Dimensional Spaces | |
| |
| |
| |
| Classifications in Time | |
| |
| |
| |
| Support Vector Machines | |
| |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
| Answers | |
| |
| |
| References | |
| |
| |
| Index | |