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| List of Figures | |
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| List of Tables | |
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| Series Editors' Preface | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Preface | |
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| List of Abbreviations | |
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| Glossary | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Background | |
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| The Nature of Arsenic Pollution | |
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| History of Natural Arsenic Contamination | |
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| Arsenic Pollution | |
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| Risk, Perception and Social Impacts | |
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| Water-supply Mitigation | |
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| Structure and Scope of the Book | |
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| Hydrogeochemistry of Arsenic | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Chemistry of Normal and Arsenic-rich Groundwaters | |
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| Adsorption and Desorption of Arsenic | |
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| The Role of Sulphur in Strongly Reducing Groundwater | |
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| Arsenic and Microbial Activity | |
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| Arsenic Mobilisation Mechanisms | |
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| Associations of Arsenic with other Trace Elements | |
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| Arsenic Pollution and Mining | |
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| Summary | |
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| Analysis of Arsenic in Natural Waters | |
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| The Hydrogeology of Arsenic | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Arsenic in Rocks and Sediments | |
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| Arsenic in River Water and Sediment | |
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| Geo-environmental Associations of Arsenic in Groundwater | |
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| Geochemical Processes in their Geological Context | |
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| Behaviour of Arsenic in Aquifers | |
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| Case Histories of Arsenic-affected Aquifers | |
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| Implications of Long-term Pumping of Arsenic Contaminated Groundwater | |
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| Summary and Conclusions | |
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| Soils and Agriculture | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Arsenic in Soils | |
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| Irrigation with Arsenic-contaminated Water | |
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| Arsenic Uptake by Plants | |
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| Options for Arsenic Management | |
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| Research and Development Needs | |
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| Health Effects of Arsenic in Drinking Water and Food | |
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| Introduction | |
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| A Short History of the Health Effects of Chronic Arsenic Poisoning | |
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| Toxicity of Arsenic Compounds | |
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| Environmental Exposure to Arsenic | |
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| Acute Arsenic Poisoning | |
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| Dermatological Manifestations | |
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| Carcinogenic Effects | |
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| Systemic Non-carcinogenic Effects | |
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| Social and Psychological Effects | |
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| Effect or Other Toxic and Trace Elements | |
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| Geographical Differences in Health Effects | |
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| Case History of Arsenic Exposure in Murshidabad District, West Bengal | |
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| Diagnosis and Treatment of Arsenicosis | |
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| Removing Exposure to Arsenic | |
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| Summary and Recommendations | |
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| Water-supply Mitigation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Approaches to Water-supply Mitigation | |
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| Surveys of Arsenic Affected Areas | |
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| Exploiting Safe Groundwater Sources | |
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| Developing Surface-water Sources | |
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| Arsenic in Water Distribution Networks | |
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| Socio-economic Aspects Mitigation | |
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| Policy and Planning Initiatives | |
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| Monitoring and Evaluation of Water-supply Mitigation Programmes | |
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| Summary | |
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| Arsenic Survey Procedures | |
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| Removing Arsenic from Drinking Water | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Water Quality Issues | |
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| Methods of Arsenic Removal | |
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| Aquifer Clean-up | |
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| Disposing of Waste from Treatment Processes | |
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| Examples and Operational Experience of Arsenic Removal Technologies | |
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| Costs of Arsenic Removal | |
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| Guidance for Selecting Treatment Methods and Technologies | |
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| Case Study of Water Treatment Requirements in Bangladesh | |
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| Future Needs | |
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| Arsenic in Asia | |
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| Introduction | |
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| South Asia | |
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| Southeast Asia | |
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| China | |
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| East Asia | |
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| Western, Central and Northern Asia | |
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| Suspect Terrain and Research Needs | |
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| The British Geological Survey Court Case | |
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| Arsenic in North America and Europe | |
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| Introduction | |
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| United States of America and Canada | |
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| Mexico | |
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| Europe | |
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| Suspect Terrain and Research Needs | |
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| Arsenic in South and Central America, Africa, Australasia and Oceania | |
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| Introduction | |
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| South and Central America | |
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| Africa | |
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| Australasia | |
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| Arsenic in the Ocean Basins | |
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| Suspect Terrain and Research Needs | |
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| Synthesis, Conclusions and Recommendations | |
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| Scale and Impact of Arsenic Pollution | |
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| Chemistry, Cause and Prediction | |
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| Agricultural Impacts, Prospects and Needs | |
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| Water-supply Mitigation | |
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| Sustainability Issues | |
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| Geographical Perspectives | |
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| The Politics of Arsenic Pollution and Mitigation | |
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| Ten Priority Actions | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |