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| Preface | |
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| Acknowledgments | |
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| Media in the Lives of Youth | |
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| A Brief History of the Perceived Power of the Media | |
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| Investigating Media Effects Across Development | |
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| Media Ownership Across Development | |
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| Media in the Home | |
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| Media in the Bedroom | |
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| Media Consumption Across Development | |
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| Measuring Media Use | |
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| Media Use During Infancy, Toddlerhood, and Early Childhood | |
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| Media Consumption During Middle Childhood and Adolescence | |
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| Why Youth Consume Media | |
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| Uses and Gratifications Approach to Media Consumption | |
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| Self-Determination Theory | |
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| Additional Reasons for Media Consumption | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| Media Effect Theories | |
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| Socialization and Theory | |
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| Hypodermic Needle or Magic Bullet Theory | |
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| Excitation Transfer | |
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| Cultivation Perspective | |
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| Priming | |
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| Social Learning and Social Cognitive Theory | |
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| Social Learning Theory | |
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| Social Cognitive Theory | |
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| Script Theory | |
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| Universal Media Model | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| Media and Academic Effects | |
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| Is Media Consumption Detrimental to Academic Achievement? | |
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| Mechanisms Behind the Reduction Hypothesis | |
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| Research Linking Media Use and Academic Achievement | |
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| Evaluating Research on the Reduction and Stimulation Hypotheses | |
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| The Benefits of Educational Media | |
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| Televised Educational Media | |
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| Computer-Assisted Instruction | |
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| Music and Academic Achievement: Myth or Reality? | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| The Medical and Social Benefits of Media Use | |
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| Pain Reduction Through Media-Based Distraction | |
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| Research on Infants | |
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| Research on Toddlers and Preschoolers | |
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| Research on Youth in Middle Childhood and Adolescence | |
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| Distraction Through Absorption and Flow | |
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| Pain and Video Games: A Prescription for Success? | |
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| Additional Medical Benefits of Video Game Play and Virtual Reality | |
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| The Behavioral Benefits of Prosocial Media | |
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| Cognitive Requirements Needed for Prosocial Learning | |
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| Research on Infants and Toddlers | |
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| Research on Preschoolers | |
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| Research on Youth in Middle Childhood and Adolescence | |
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| The Psychological Benefits of the Internet | |
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| Friendship | |
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| Well-Being and Social Self-Esteem | |
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| Identity Exploration | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| Advertising, Consumer Behavior, and Youth | |
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| Consumer Behavior Across Development | |
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| Feeling Wants and Preferences | |
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| Nagging and Negotiations | |
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| Adventure and the First Purchase | |
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| Conformity and Fastidiousness | |
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| Consumer Behavior During Adolescence | |
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| Consumer Behavior and the Moderating Effect of Materialism | |
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| Advertisements That Target Youth | |
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| Characteristics of Advertisements Targeting Youth | |
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| Advertisements That Are Not Supposed to Target Youth but Most Likely Do | |
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| Research on Intended Cognitions | |
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| Research on Intended Emotions | |
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| Research on Intended Behavior | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| Media and Stereotyping | |
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| The Nature of Stereotypes | |
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| Stereotypes in the Media That Youth Consume | |
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| Stereotypes in Literature | |
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| Stereotypes in Newspaper Comics | |
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| Stereotypes in Cartoons | |
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| Stereotypes in Educational Television and Computer Software | |
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| Stereotypes in Television Commercials | |
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| Stereotypes in Live-Action Television Programming | |
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| Stereotypes in Video Games | |
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| Stereotypes on the Internet | |
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| Effects of Stereotypes in the Media on Youth | |
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| Stereotyped Media and Gender | |
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| Racial Stereotypes | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| Media Influences on Obesity, Body Image, and Eating Disorders | |
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| Media Consumption and Body Weight | |
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| Explaining Why Media Can Be Fattening | |
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| Parents, Media, and Obesity | |
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| Media and Obesity Stigma | |
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| Body Image and Media | |
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| Depictions of Body Image in the Media | |
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| Body Image Research | |
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| Thin-Ideal Media and Eating Disorders in Females | |
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| Lean Muscularity and Muscle Dysmorphia in Males | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| The Role of Media in Alcohol, Tobacco, and Drug Use | |
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| Prevalence of Cigarette, Alcohol, and Drug (CAD) Use Across Development | |
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| Outcomes Associated With Adolescent CAD Use | |
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| Health Risks | |
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| Gateway Hypothesis of Drug Use | |
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| Addiction | |
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| Perceptions of CAD Use | |
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| Prevalence of Substance Use in the Media | |
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| Advertisements | |
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| Media-Based Story Lines in the Movies and on TV | |
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| Music | |
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| Video Games | |
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| Websites | |
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| Effects of Substance Use in the Media | |
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| Research During Early Childhood | |
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| Research During Middle Childhood | |
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| Research During Adolescence | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| Media and the Sexualization and Sexual Socialization of Youth | |
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| Sexualization and Sexual Socialization | |
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| Sexual Media | |
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| Sexual Content Observed by Children and Adolescents | |
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| Sexualization of Youth in the Media | |
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| The Effects of Viewing Sexual Media on Adolescents | |
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| Attitudes Toward Sex | |
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| Sexual Expectations and Attributions | |
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| Sexual Behavior | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| Violent Media Part 1: Comic Books, Music, and Video Games | |
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| A Brief Primer on Aggression | |
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| Violent Comic Books | |
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| Music Violence | |
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| Violent Lyrics | |
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| Boulevard of Broken Lyrics? | |
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| Violent Music and Aggressive Actions | |
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| Violent Music Videos | |
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| Violent Music and Suicide | |
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| Violent Video Games | |
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| Violent Video Games and Increasing Realism | |
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| Violent Video Games and Youth: Effects of Era, Age, and Research Design | |
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| Violent Gaming Online | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| Violent Media Part 2: Traditional Screen Media | |
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| Violence in Traditional Screen Media | |
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| Factors That Influence the Perception of Violence | |
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| Sanitization and Consequences | |
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| Comedy | |
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| Justification and Legitimation | |
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| Perceived Reality | |
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| Graphicness | |
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| Glamorization | |
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| Research on the Factors That Influence the Perception of Violence in Media | |
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| The Effects of On-Screen Violence on Youth | |
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| Aggressive Disinhibition | |
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| Changes in Aggression-Related Constructs | |
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| Desensitization | |
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| Becoming Fearful | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| Media Effects: Magnitude, Risk, and Media Literacy | |
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| Meta-Analysis | |
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| Findings From Meta-Analyses of Media Effects Research | |
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| Risk, Protective, and Beneficial Factors | |
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| Reducing the Negative Effects of Media Through Media Literacy | |
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| Research on Co-Consuming Mediation | |
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| Research on Restrictive Mediation | |
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| Research on Active Mediation | |
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| Countermedia | |
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| Developmental Points of Interest | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |