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| Preface | |
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| List of Illustrations | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Philosophy in its Infancy | |
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| The Milesians | |
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| Xenophanes | |
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| Heraclitus | |
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| The School of Parmenides | |
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| Empedocles | |
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| The Atomists | |
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| The Athens of Socrates | |
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| The Athenian Empire | |
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| Anaxagoras | |
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| The Sophists | |
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| Socrates | |
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| The Euthyphro | |
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| The Crito | |
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| The Phaedo | |
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| The Philosophy of Plato | |
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| Life and Works | |
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| The Theory of Ideas | |
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| Plato's Republic | |
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| The Theaetetus and the Sophist | |
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| The System of Aristotle | |
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| Plato's Pupil, Alexander's Teacher | |
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| The Foundation of Logic | |
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| The Theory of Drama | |
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| Moral Philosophy: Virtue and Happiness | |
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| Moral Philosophy: Wisdom and Understanding | |
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| Politics | |
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| Science and Explanation | |
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| Words and Things | |
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| Motion and Change | |
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| Soul, Sense, and Intellect | |
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| Metaphysics | |
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| Greek Philosophy after Aristotle | |
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| The Hellenistic Era | |
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| Epicureanism | |
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| Stoicism | |
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| Scepticism | |
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| Rome and its Empire | |
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| Jesus of Nazareth | |
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| Christianity and Gnosticism | |
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| Neo-Platonism | |
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| Early Christian Philosophy | |
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| Arianism and Orthodoxy | |
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| The Theology of Incarnation | |
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| The Life of Augustine | |
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| The City of God and the Mystery of Grace | |
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| Boethius and Philoponus | |
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| Early Medieval Philosophy | |
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| John the Scot | |
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| Alkindi and Avicenna | |
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| The Feudal System | |
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| Saint Anselm | |
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| Abelard and Heloise | |
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| Abelard's Logic | |
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| Abelard's Ethics | |
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| Averroes | |
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| Maimonides | |
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| Philosophy in the Thirteenth Century | |
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| An Age of Innovation | |
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| Saint Bonaventure | |
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| Thirteenth-Century Logic | |
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| Aquinas' Life and Works | |
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| Aquinas' Natural Theology | |
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| Matter, Form, Substance, and Accident | |
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| Aquinas on Essence and Existence | |
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| Aquinas' Philosophy of Mind | |
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| Aquinas' Moral Philosophy | |
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| Oxford Philosophers | |
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| The Fourteenth-Century University | |
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| Duns Scotus | |
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| Ockham's Logic of Language | |
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| Ockham's Political Theory | |
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| The Oxford Calculators | |
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| John Wyclif | |
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| Renaissance Philosophy | |
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| The Renaissance | |
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| Free-will: Rome vs. Louvain | |
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| Renaissance Platonism | |
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| Machiavelli | |
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| More's Utopia | |
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| The Reformation | |
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| Post-Reformation Philosophy | |
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| Bruno and Galileo | |
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| Francis Bacon | |
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| The Age of Descartes | |
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| The Wars of Religion | |
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| The Life of Descartes | |
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| The Doubt and the Cogito | |
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| The Essence of Mind | |
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| God, Mind, and Body | |
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| The Material World | |
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| English Philosophy in the Seventeenth Century | |
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| The Empiricism of Thomas Hobbes | |
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| Hobbes' Political Philosophy | |
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| The Political Theory of John Locke | |
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| Locke on Ideas and Qualities | |
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| Substances and Persons | |
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| Continental Philosophy in the Age of Louis XIV | |
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| Blaise Pascal | |
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| Spinoza and Malebranche | |
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| Leibniz | |
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| British Philosophy in the Eighteenth Century | |
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| Berkeley | |
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| Hume's Philosophy of Mind | |
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| Hume on Causation | |
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| Reid and Common Sense | |
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| The Enlightenment | |
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| The Philosophes | |
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| Rousseau | |
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| Revolution and Romanticism | |
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| The Critical Philosophy of Kant | |
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| Kant's Copernican Revolution | |
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| The Transcendental Aesthetic | |
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| The Transcendental Analytic: The Deduction of the Categories | |
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| The Transcendental Analytic: The System of Principles | |
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| The Transcendental Dialectic: The Paralogisms of Pure Reason | |
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| The Transcendental Dialectic: The Antinomies of Pure Reason | |
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| The Transcendental Dialectic: The Critique of Natural Theology | |
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| Kant's Moral Philosophy | |
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| German Idealism and Materialism | |
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| Fichte | |
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| Hegel | |
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| Marx and the Young Hegelians | |
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| Capitalism and its Discontents | |
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| The Utilitarians | |
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| Jeremy Bentham | |
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| The Utilitarianism of J. S. Mill | |
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| Mill's Logic | |
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| Three Nineteenth-Century Philosophers | |
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| Schopenhauer | |
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| Kierkegaard | |
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| Nietzsche | |
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| Three Modern Masters | |
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| Charles Darwin | |
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| John Henry Newman | |
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| Sigmund Freud | |
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| Logic and the Foundations of Mathematics | |
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| Frege's Logic | |
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| Frege's Logicism | |
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| Frege's Philosophy of Logic | |
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| Russell's Paradox | |
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| Russell's Theory of Descriptions | |
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| Logical Analysis | |
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| The Philosophy of Wittgenstein | |
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| Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus | |
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| Logical Positivism | |
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| Philosophical Investigations | |
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| Afterword | |
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| Suggestions for Further Reading | |
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| Index | |