| |
| |
| List of Case Studies | |
| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
| Biodiversity and Its Importance | |
| |
| |
| |
| Conservation and Conservation Biology | |
| |
| |
| What Is Conservation? | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of Conservation | |
| |
| |
| An Overview of Conservation Ethics | |
| |
| |
| What Is Conservation Biology? | |
| |
| |
| A Brief History of a Young Discipline | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| What Is Biodiversity? | |
| |
| |
| Species, Genes, and Ecosystems | |
| |
| |
| Structure and Function | |
| |
| |
| Measuring Biodiversity | |
| |
| |
| The Mismeasure of Biodiversity | |
| |
| |
| Biodiversity and Spatial Scales | |
| |
| |
| Biodiversity Verbs | |
| |
| |
| The Related Concepts of "Integrity" and "Sustainability" | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Species Diversity | |
| |
| |
| What Is a Species? | |
| |
| |
| How Many Species Are There? | |
| |
| |
| The Intrinsic Value of Species and Their Conservation Status | |
| |
| |
| The Instrumental Values of Species | |
| |
| |
| The Uniqueness Value of Species | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ecosystem Diversity | |
| |
| |
| What Is an Ecosystem? | |
| |
| |
| The Values of Ecosystems | |
| |
| |
| Ecosystem Diversity and Species Diversity | |
| |
| |
| Ecosystems and Landscapes | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Genetic Diversity | |
| |
| |
| What Is Genetic Diversity? | |
| |
| |
| The Importance of Genetic Diversity | |
| |
| |
| Processes that Diminish Genetic Diversity | |
| |
| |
| Cultural Diversity | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Threats to Biodiversity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Mass Extinctions and Global Change | |
| |
| |
| Extinction Episodes of the Past | |
| |
| |
| Estimating the Current Rate of Extinction | |
| |
| |
| The Prospect of Global Climate Change | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extinction Processes | |
| |
| |
| Why Are Some Species More Vulnerable to Extinction than Others? | |
| |
| |
| Populations | |
| |
| |
| Population Viability Analysis | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Ecosystem Degradation and Loss | |
| |
| |
| Contamination | |
| |
| |
| Roads, Dams, and Other Structures | |
| |
| |
| Earth, Fire, Water | |
| |
| |
| Deforestation | |
| |
| |
| Desertification | |
| |
| |
| Draining, Dredging, Damming, etc. | |
| |
| |
| Fragmentation | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Overexploitation | |
| |
| |
| The Long History of Overexploitation | |
| |
| |
| Types of Exploitation | |
| |
| |
| Consequences of Overexploitation | |
| |
| |
| Some Final Perspectives on Exploitation | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Invasive Exotics | |
| |
| |
| How Do Species Move? | |
| |
| |
| Impacts of Invasive Exotics | |
| |
| |
| Success Rates | |
| |
| |
| Irony | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maintaining Biodiversity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Protecting Ecosystems | |
| |
| |
| Reserve Selection | |
| |
| |
| Reserve Design | |
| |
| |
| Reserve Management | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Managing Ecosystems | |
| |
| |
| Modified Ecosystems | |
| |
| |
| Cultivated Ecosystems | |
| |
| |
| Built Ecosystems | |
| |
| |
| Restoring Ecosystems | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Managing Populations | |
| |
| |
| Providing Resources | |
| |
| |
| Controlling Threats | |
| |
| |
| Direct Manipulations | |
| |
| |
| Epilogue | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Zoos and Gardens | |
| |
| |
| Changing Roles | |
| |
| |
| Building Arks | |
| |
| |
| The ex Situ-in Situ Interface | |
| |
| |
| Conservation of Domesticated Species | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| The Human Factors | |
| |
| |
| |
| Social Factors | |
| |
| |
| Values Differ | |
| |
| |
| Describing Values | |
| |
| |
| Values Change | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Economics | |
| |
| |
| The Benefits | |
| |
| |
| The Costs | |
| |
| |
| The Distribution of Benefits and Costs | |
| |
| |
| Problems and Solutions | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| |
| Politics and Action | |
| |
| |
| Setting Priorities for Action | |
| |
| |
| Rights and Responsibilities | |
| |
| |
| International Agencies | |
| |
| |
| Governments | |
| |
| |
| Nongovernmental Organizations | |
| |
| |
| Corporations | |
| |
| |
| Communities | |
| |
| |
| Individuals | |
| |
| |
| Summary | |
| |
| |
| Epilogue | |
| |
| |
| Glossary | |
| |
| |
| Literature Cited and Author Index | |
| |
| |
| Species Index | |
| |
| |
| Subject Index | |