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| Preface | |
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| General Considerations | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Sounds, Phonemes and Allophones | |
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| Suprasegmental Features | |
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| The Articulation of French | |
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| The Organization of this Book | |
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| References and Further Reading | |
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| Phonetic Symbols | |
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| The Production of Speech | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Vocal Cords and Voice | |
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| Articulators | |
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| Active Articulators | |
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| Passive Articulators | |
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| Terminology | |
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| The Articulation of French | |
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| Articulatory Tension | |
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| Pure Vowels | |
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| The Vowel Phonemes | |
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| Principles of Classification | |
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| Point of Articulation | |
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| The Height of the Tongue or the Degree of Aperture | |
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| Lip Configuration | |
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| Orality or Nasality | |
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| Classification and IPA Symbols | |
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| Front Unrounded Vowels | |
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| Front Rounded Vowels | |
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| Mute e | |
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| Back Rounded Vowels | |
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| Nasal Vowels | |
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| Summary Table | |
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| The Semi-Consonants | |
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| General | |
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| The Consonant Phonemes | |
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| Principles of Classification | |
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| Point of Articulation | |
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| Manner (or Mode) of Articulation | |
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| Presence or Absence of Voice | |
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| Classification and IPA Symbols | |
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| Stops | |
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| Fricatives | |
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| Lateral | |
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| Nasals | |
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| r-Sounds | |
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| Summary Table | |
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| The Rhythmic Group | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Different Types of Group | |
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| The Rhythmic Group | |
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| The Rhythmic Group and the Word | |
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| The Syllable | |
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| Introduction | |
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| The Rules of Syllabification | |
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| Syllabification within the Sense Group | |
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| Closed and Open Syllables | |
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| Syllable-Timing and Stress-Timing | |
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| Stress | |
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| Normal Stress | |
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| Emphatic Stress | |
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| Contrastive Stress | |
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| Normal Stress in French | |
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| Emphatic Stress in French | |
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| Contrastive Stress in French | |
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| Other Types of Stress | |
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| The Vowels in Detail | |
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| Introduction | |
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| /i/ - High Front Unrounded | |
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| /y/ - High Front Rounded | |
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| /u/ - High Back Rounded | |
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| The Three Pairs of Mid-Vowels | |
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| /e/ - High-Mid Front Unrounded; /[characters not reproducible] Low-Mid Front Unrounded | |
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| /o/ - High-Mid Front Rounded; /oe/ - Low-Mid Front Rounded | |
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| /o/ - High-Mid Back Rounded; /[characters not reproducible] Low-Mid Back Rounded | |
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| /a/ - Low Front Unrounded; /[characters not reproducible] Low Back Rounded | |
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| The Nasal Vowels | |
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| Unvoicing of Vowels | |
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| Canadianisms | |
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| Mute e | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Four Simple 'Rules' | |
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| An Expansion of the Four 'Rules' | |
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| Rule 1 | |
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| Rule 2 | |
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| Rule 3 | |
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| Rule 4 | |
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| Three or More Mute es in Succession | |
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| Miscellaneous Points | |
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| Vowel Length | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Five Simple Rules | |
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| Rule 1 | |
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| Rule 2 | |
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| Rule 3 | |
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| Rule 4 | |
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| Rule 5 | |
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| Is Vowel Length Ever Phonemic in French? | |
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| Other Possible Pronunciations | |
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| The Semi-Consonants in Detail | |
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| Introduction | |
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| /i/ or /j/ after a Vowel? | |
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| /j/, /l/ or /ll/ after /i/? | |
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| Intervocalic /j/ | |
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| /[characters not reproducible] | |
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| /[characters not reproducible]nd /w/ | |
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| Vowel or Semi-Consonant? | |
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| The Consonants in Detail: (I) Stops | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Mode of Articulation (General) | |
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| French and English Stops | |
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| Point of Articulation | |
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| A Canadianism | |
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| The Glottal Stop | |
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| The Consonants in Detail: (II) Fricatives | |
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| French and English Fricatives | |
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| Manner of Articulation | |
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| Point of Articulation | |
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| The Consonants in Detail: (III) /r/, /l/ and the Nasals | |
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| The Varieties of French /r/ | |
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| The Lateral Consonant /l/ | |
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| The Nasal Consonants /m/, /n/, /[characters not reproducible]nd /[characters not reproducible] | |
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| The Release of Final Consonants | |
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| Voiceless /l/ and /r/ | |
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| Voiceless /m/ | |
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| Gemination | |
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| Long Consonants and Geminate Consonants | |
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| French Geminates | |
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| Consonantal Assimilation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Regressive Assimilation of Fortes and Lenes | |
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| Progressive Assimilation | |
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| Assimilation to Vowels | |
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| Liaison | |
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| Origins | |
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| The Problem | |
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| The Liaison Forms | |
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| Words Having No Special Liaison Form | |
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| Compulsory Liaison | |
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| Generally Acceptable Liaison | |
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| No Liaison | |
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| Intonation | |
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| Introduction | |
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| Types of Utterance | |
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| Declarative Sentences | |
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| Yes-No Questions | |
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| Wh-Questions | |
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| Imperative Sentences | |
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| Level Intonation | |
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| References and Further Reading | |
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| Index | |