| |
| |
Preface | |
| |
| |
Acknowledgments | |
| |
| |
| |
Introduction to Logistics | |
| |
| |
Logistics: The Historical Perspective | |
| |
| |
Logistics: The Modern Perspective | |
| |
| |
Components of a logistics system | |
| |
| |
The role of logistics in the organization | |
| |
| |
Logistics as a Source of Competitive Advantage | |
| |
| |
Why Is Management Interest in Logistics Growing? | |
| |
| |
Trends in global trade | |
| |
| |
Customers are demanding greater value | |
| |
| |
Transportation privatization and liberalization | |
| |
| |
Transportation security | |
| |
| |
Environmental concerns | |
| |
| |
Changing view of inventory | |
| |
| |
Continuing advances in information technology | |
| |
| |
Electronic commerce | |
| |
| |
Logistics in the Global Organization | |
| |
| |
Conceptual Model and Statement of Purpose | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Logistics in the Organization | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Marketing/Logistics Partnership | |
| |
| |
Marketing and Logistics Channels | |
| |
| |
Alternative channel structures | |
| |
| |
Why do channels develop? | |
| |
| |
Channel flows | |
| |
| |
Designing effective channels | |
| |
| |
Environmental Issues | |
| |
| |
Marketing Issues | |
| |
| |
Channel management issues | |
| |
| |
Formal and informal channel relationships | |
| |
| |
Domestic versus global channels | |
| |
| |
Future trends in channel structures | |
| |
| |
Managing the Logistics System | |
| |
| |
Tradeoff Analysis | |
| |
| |
Enhancing Corporate Profitability with Logistics | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Customer Service | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
What Is Customer Service? | |
| |
| |
Elements of Customer Service | |
| |
| |
Customer Service in a Global Setting | |
| |
| |
How Much Service Should Be Offered? | |
| |
| |
Barriers to Quality Customer Service | |
| |
| |
Controllable factors | |
| |
| |
Uncontrollable factors | |
| |
| |
Improving Customer Service Performance | |
| |
| |
The Consequences of Poor Customer Service | |
| |
| |
Improving Customer Service in Comparison to its Costs | |
| |
| |
Customer Service and the Internal Customer | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Inventory Management | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Inventory and Customer Service | |
| |
| |
Purposes of Inventory | |
| |
| |
Types of Inventory | |
| |
| |
Objectives of Inventory Management | |
| |
| |
Inventory costs | |
| |
| |
Managing inventory costs | |
| |
| |
Classic Inventory Models | |
| |
| |
Economic order quantity (EOQ) model | |
| |
| |
Modifications to the basic EOQ model | |
| |
| |
Model limitations | |
| |
| |
Fixed order point/fixed order quantity model | |
| |
| |
Fixed order interval model | |
| |
| |
Safety stock requirements | |
| |
| |
Inventory Management: Signs of Trouble | |
| |
| |
Improving Inventory Management | |
| |
| |
Materials Requirements Planning (MRP) | |
| |
| |
Distribution Resource Planning (DRP) | |
| |
| |
Just-In-Time (JIT) Inventory Management | |
| |
| |
Basic tenets of JIT | |
| |
| |
Advantages of JIT | |
| |
| |
Disadvantages of JIT | |
| |
| |
JIT II/vendor managed inventory (VMI) | |
| |
| |
The reality of JIT | |
| |
| |
Integrated Inventory Management: DRP, MRP, and JIT | |
| |
| |
Inventory Management in a Global Market | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Global Transportation Systems | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Five Modes of Transportation | |
| |
| |
Rail | |
| |
| |
Road transport | |
| |
| |
Pipelines | |
| |
| |
Air | |
| |
| |
Water carriage | |
| |
| |
Deregulation and Privatization of Transportation | |
| |
| |
Deregulation | |
| |
| |
Privatization | |
| |
| |
Future directions | |
| |
| |
Government's Role in Transportation | |
| |
| |
Direct control and regulation of transport firms | |
| |
| |
Provision of transport infrastructure | |
| |
| |
Promulgating and enforcing environmental, safety, and security laws | |
| |
| |
Transportation Security | |
| |
| |
Intermodal Transportation | |
| |
| |
Rail | |
| |
| |
Ocean transport | |
| |
| |
Air | |
| |
| |
Motor transport | |
| |
| |
Infrastructure issues | |
| |
| |
Concluding comments | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Transportation Management Issues | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Developing Win/Win Shipper/Carrier Relationships | |
| |
| |
Transport Pricing | |
| |
| |
Market structure models | |
| |
| |
Relevant market area | |
| |
| |
Shipper demand | |
| |
| |
Carrier costs | |
| |
| |
Pricing in Practice | |
| |
| |
Price negotiation: the carrier's perspective | |
| |
| |
Price negotiation: the shipper's perspective | |
| |
| |
Private Transportation | |
| |
| |
Other Issues Affecting Transportation Cost and Service | |
| |
| |
Infrastructure availability and condition | |
| |
| |
Environmental and quality of life issues | |
| |
| |
Customs and cargo security | |
| |
| |
Carrier safety | |
| |
| |
Conclusions | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Warehousing | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Strategic Role of Warehousing in Logistics | |
| |
| |
Functions of Warehousing | |
| |
| |
Warehouse Roles | |
| |
| |
Warehouse Location Issues | |
| |
| |
Centralized versus decentralized warehouses | |
| |
| |
Selecting specific sites | |
| |
| |
Warehousing Alternatives | |
| |
| |
Private warehousing | |
| |
| |
Contract warehousing | |
| |
| |
Public warehouses | |
| |
| |
Warehousing Strategies | |
| |
| |
Warehousing Concerns in Overseas Markets | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Materials Handling and Packaging | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Basic Warehouse Design | |
| |
| |
Manual Versus Automated Materials Handling Systems | |
| |
| |
Manual warehouses | |
| |
| |
Automated warehouses | |
| |
| |
Manual versus automated: making the choice | |
| |
| |
Trends in Materials Handling | |
| |
| |
Reliability | |
| |
| |
Total integration | |
| |
| |
Flexibility and modularity | |
| |
| |
Upgradeability | |
| |
| |
Automated identification | |
| |
| |
Ease of use | |
| |
| |
Maintainability | |
| |
| |
Conclusions | |
| |
| |
Product Packaging | |
| |
| |
Types of packaging | |
| |
| |
Organizational influences on packaging | |
| |
| |
The role of packaging | |
| |
| |
Logistics packaging materials | |
| |
| |
Environmental issues | |
| |
| |
Packaging for global markets | |
| |
| |
Bar coding | |
| |
| |
Developments in packaging | |
| |
| |
Tradeoffs with other components of the logistics system | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Managing Logistics Information | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Order Processing System | |
| |
| |
Logistics Information Systems | |
| |
| |
Environmental scanning | |
| |
| |
LIS and information management | |
| |
| |
Forecasting Methods | |
| |
| |
Qualitative forecasts | |
| |
| |
Time-series methods | |
| |
| |
Causal methods | |
| |
| |
Forecasting logistics needs | |
| |
| |
Selecting the right forecasting technique | |
| |
| |
Using Information to Link a Global Logistics System Together | |
| |
| |
Electronic data interchange (EDI) | |
| |
| |
Impediments to global implementation of EDI procedures | |
| |
| |
Developments in Logistics Information Systems | |
| |
| |
The Internet and electronic commerce | |
| |
| |
Open-systems computer networks | |
| |
| |
Wireless communication | |
| |
| |
Multidimensional bar codes | |
| |
| |
Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology | |
| |
| |
Other advances in communications | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Inbound Logistics and Purchasing | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Growing Importance of Inbound Logistics | |
| |
| |
Inbound Logistics Activities | |
| |
| |
Customer service | |
| |
| |
Transportation | |
| |
| |
Inventory management | |
| |
| |
Warehousing and storage | |
| |
| |
Maintenance | |
| |
| |
Information management | |
| |
| |
Salvage and waste disposal | |
| |
| |
Production | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Purchasing | |
| |
| |
Goals of purchasing | |
| |
| |
Purchasing tasks | |
| |
| |
Improving purchasing productivity | |
| |
| |
Organize for enhanced productivity | |
| |
| |
Management Techniques for Improving Materials Management | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
The Global Logistics Environment | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
The Global Supply Chain | |
| |
| |
Changing Market Opportunities | |
| |
| |
Emerging nations | |
| |
| |
Multilateral trade organizations | |
| |
| |
Global sourcing | |
| |
| |
Cultural Issues in Logistics | |
| |
| |
Alternative Global Distribution Strategies | |
| |
| |
International Documentation | |
| |
| |
Customs Regulations | |
| |
| |
Foreign Trade Zones | |
| |
| |
Logistics Intermediaries and Facilitators | |
| |
| |
Third-Party Logistics Providers | |
| |
| |
Controlling the Global Logistics System | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Logistics Strategies | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Corporate Strategic Planning | |
| |
| |
Formulating Logistics Strategy | |
| |
| |
Integrating the Logistics Channel | |
| |
| |
Implementing Logistics Strategies | |
| |
| |
Centralization of logistics activities versus decentralization | |
| |
| |
Third-party service providers | |
| |
| |
Logistics strategy and improved corporate performance | |
| |
| |
Future Issues That Will Affect Logistics | |
| |
| |
Implications for Logistics Managers | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Developing High-Quality Logistics Systems | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Basic Quality Concepts: The Internal Perspective | |
| |
| |
Leadership | |
| |
| |
Cooperation | |
| |
| |
Learning | |
| |
| |
Process management | |
| |
| |
Employee outcomes | |
| |
| |
Organizational performances | |
| |
| |
Basic Quality Concepts: The External View | |
| |
| |
The Service Quality Model | |
| |
| |
Total Quality Management (TQM) in Logistics | |
| |
| |
Developing a Formal Quality Process | |
| |
| |
Quality Process Success Factors for Logistics Management | |
| |
| |
ISO 9001:2000 The International Quality Standard | |
| |
| |
The Cost of Quality | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Improving Logistics Performance | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Improving Organizational Performance | |
| |
| |
Continuous and breakthrough improvements | |
| |
| |
Basic Tools for Improving Logistics Performance | |
| |
| |
Process analysis tools | |
| |
| |
Statistical analysis tools | |
| |
| |
Benchmarking | |
| |
| |
Activity-based costing | |
| |
| |
Effecting Meaningful Change | |
| |
| |
Logistics service quality | |
| |
| |
Productivity | |
| |
| |
Process effectiveness | |
| |
| |
Impediments to Improved Logistics Performance | |
| |
| |
Failure to adopt the customer's viewpoint | |
| |
| |
Lack of requisite cost data | |
| |
| |
Lack of broad-based management skills | |
| |
| |
Failure to think of logistics as a system | |
| |
| |
Need for cultural change within the organization | |
| |
| |
Creating a World-Class Logistics System | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
| |
Organizing for Logistics Effectiveness | |
| |
| |
Introduction | |
| |
| |
Overview of Logistics Organizations | |
| |
| |
Building an Effective Logistics Organization | |
| |
| |
Centralization | |
| |
| |
Scope of responsibility/span of control | |
| |
| |
Formalization | |
| |
| |
Integration | |
| |
| |
The Role of Logistics in the Firm | |
| |
| |
Inter-organizational effectiveness | |
| |
| |
Variables Influencing Organizational Structure | |
| |
| |
Organization size | |
| |
| |
Corporate structure | |
| |
| |
Corporate strategy | |
| |
| |
The importance of logistics | |
| |
| |
Corporate information technology | |
| |
| |
Environmental uncertainty | |
| |
| |
Environmental heterogeneity | |
| |
| |
Summary | |
| |
| |
Reconciling Intra- and Inter-Organizational Issues | |
| |
| |
Moving Towards the "Best" Organizational Structure | |
| |
| |
Chapter Summary | |
| |
| |
Study Questions | |
| |
| |
Index | |