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Authors of Guest Boxes | |
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Preface | |
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List of Symbols | |
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Introduction | |
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Introduction | |
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Genetics and conservation | |
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What should we conserve? | |
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How should we conserve biodiversity? | |
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Applications of genetics to conservation | |
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The role of genetics in conservation | |
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Phenotypic Variation in Natural Populations | |
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Color pattern | |
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Morphology | |
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Behavior | |
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Differences among populations | |
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Looks can be deceiving: countergradient variation in secondary sexual color in sympatric morphs of sockeye salmon | |
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Genetic Variation in Natural Populations: Chromosomes and Proteins | |
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Chromosomes | |
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Protein electrophoresis | |
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Genetic variation within populations | |
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Genetic divergence among populations | |
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Strengths and limitations of protein electrophoresis | |
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Management implications of polploidy in a cytologically complex self-incompatible herb | |
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Genetic Variation in Natural Populations: DNA | |
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Mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA | |
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Single copy nuclear loci | |
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Multilocus techniques | |
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Sex-linked markers | |
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DNA sequences | |
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Additional techniques and the future | |
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Genetic variation in natural populations | |
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Multiple markers uncover marine turtle behavior | |
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Mechanisms Of Evolutionary Change | |
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Random Mating Populations: Hardy�Weinberg Principle | |
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The Hardy�Weinberg principle | |
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Hardy�Weinberg proportions | |
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Testing for Hardy�Weinberg proportions | |
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Estimation of allele frequencies | |
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Sex-linked loci | |
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Estimation of genetic variation | |
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Testing alternative explanations for deficiencies of heterozygotes in populations of brook trout in small lakes | |
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Small Populations and Genetic Drift | |
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Genetic drift | |
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Changes in allele frequency | |
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Loss of genetic variation: the inbreeding effect of small populations | |
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Loss of allelic diversity | |
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Founder effect | |
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Genotypic proportions in small populations | |
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Fitness effects of genetic drift | |
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The inbreeding effect of small population size reduces population growth rate in mosquitofish | |
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Effective Population Size | |
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Concept of effective population size | |
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Unequal sex ratio | |
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Nonrandom number of progeny | |
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Fluctuating population size | |
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Overlapping generations | |
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Variance effective population size | |
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Cytoplasmic genes | |
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Gene genealogies and lineage sorting | |
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Limitations of effective population size | |
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Effective population size in natural populations | |
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Estimation of effective population size in Yellowstone grizzly bears | |
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Natural Selection | |
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Fitness | |
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Single locus with two alleles | |
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Multiple alleles | |
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Frequency-dependent selection | |
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Natural selection in small populations | |
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Natural selection and conservation | |
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Rapid adaptation and conservation | |
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Population Subdivision | |
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F-statistics | |
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Complete isolation | |
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Gene flow | |
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Gene flow and genetic drift | |
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Cytoplasmic genes and sex-linked markers | |
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Gene flow and natural selection | |
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Limitations of FST and other measures of subdivision | |
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Estimation of gene flow | |
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Population subdivision and conservation | |
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Hector�s dolphin population structure and conservation | |
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Multiple Loci | |
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Gametic disequilibrium | |
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Small population size | |
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Natural selection | |
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Population subdivision | |
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Hybridization | |
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Estimation of gametic disequilibrium | |
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Dating hybrid populations using gametic disequilibrium | |
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Quantitative Genetics | |
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Heritability | |
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Selection on quantitative traits | |
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Quantitative trait loci (QTLs | |
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Genetic drift and bottlenecks | |
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Divergence among populations (QST | |
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Quantitative genetics and conservation | |
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Response to trophy hunting in bighorn sheep | |
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Mutation | |
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Process of mutation | |
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Selectively neutral mutations | |
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Harmful mutations | |
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Advantageous mutations | |
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. Recovery from a bottleneck | |
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Color evolution via different mutations in pocket mice | |
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Genetics And Conservation | |
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Inbreeding Depression | |
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Pedigree analysis | |
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Gene drop analysis | |
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Estimation of F and relatedness with molecular markers | |
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Causes of inbreeding depression | |
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Measurement of inbreeding depression | |
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Genetic load and purging | |
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Understanding inbreeding depression: 20 years of experiments with Peromyscus mice | |
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Demography and Extinction | |
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Estimation of population size | |
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Inbreeding depression and extinction | |
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Population viability analysis | |
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Loss of phenotypic variation | |
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Loss of evolutionary potential | |
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Mitochondrial DNA | |
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Mutational meltdown | |
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Long-term persistence | |
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The 50/500 rule | |
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Noninvasive population size estimation in wombats | |
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Metapopulations and Fragmentation | |
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The metapopulation concept | |
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Genetic variation in metapopulations | |
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Effective population size | |
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Population divergence and fragmentation | |
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Genetic rescue | |
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Long-term population viability | |
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Fitness loss and genetic rescue in stream-dwelling topminnows | |
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Units of Conservation | |
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What should we try to protect? | |
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Systematics and taxonomy | |
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Phylogeny reconstruction | |
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Description of genetic relationships within species | |
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Units of conservation | |
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Integrating genetic, phenotypic, and environmental information | |
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Identifying conservation units in Pacific salmon | |
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Hybridization | |
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Natural hybridization | |
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Anthropogenic hybridization | |
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Fitness consequences of hybridization | |
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Detecting and describing hybridization | |
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Hybridization and conservation | |
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Hybridization and the conservation of plants | |
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Conservation Breeding and Restoration | |
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The role of conservation breeding | |
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Reproductive technologies and genome banking | |
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Founding populations for conservation breeding programs | |
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Genetic drift in captive populations | |
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Natural selection and adaptation to captivity | |
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Genetic management of conservation breeding programs | |
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Supportive breeding | |
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Reintroductions and translocations | |
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Effects of population bottlenecks on introduced species of birds | |
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Invasive Species | |
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Why are invasive species so successful? | |
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Genetic analysis of introduced species | |
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Establishment and spread of invasive species | |
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Hybridization as a stimulus for invasiveness | |
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Eradication, management, and control | |
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Rapid adaptation of invasive populations of St John�s Wort | |
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Forensic and Management Applications of Genetic Identification | |
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Species identification | |
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Individual identification and probability of identity | |
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Parentage testing | |
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Sex identification | |
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Population assignment | |
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Population composition analysis | |
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Microsatellite DNA genotyping identifies problem bear and cubs | |
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Glossary | |
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Appendix: Probability and Statistics | |
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Guest Box A: Is mathematics necessary? | |
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References | |
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Index | |