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| Introduction | |
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| The Goals of the Text | |
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| The Rest of the Book | |
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| Many Acknowledgments | |
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| What is Political Ecology? | |
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| The Hatchet and the Seed:What is Political Ecology? | |
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| Challenging Apolitical Ecologies | |
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| Ecoscarcity and the Limits to Growth | |
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| Other Apolitical Ecologies: Diffusion, Valuation, and Modernization | |
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| Common assumptions and modes of explanation | |
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| The Hatchet: Political Ecology as Critique | |
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| The Seed: Political Ecology as Equity and Sustainability Research | |
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| The Dominant Narratives of Political EcologyBig Questions and Theses | |
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| The Degradation and Marginalization Thesis | |
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| The Environmental Conflict Thesis | |
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| The Conservation and Control Thesis | |
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| The Environmental Agency and Social Movement Thesis | |
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| The Target of Explanation | |
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| A Tree with Deep Roots:The Determinist Context | |
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| A Political Ecological Alternative | |
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| The Building Blocks | |
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| Critical Approaches in Early Human/Environment Research | |
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| Continental Critique: Humboldt, Reclus, Wallace, and Sommerville | |
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| Critical Environmental Pragmatism | |
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| From Sewer Socialism to Mitigating Floods: Hazards Research | |
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| The Nature of Society: Cultural Ecology | |
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| Historicism, Landscape, and Culture: Carl Sauer | |
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| Julian Steward: A Positivist Alternative | |
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| System, Function, and Human Life: Mature Cultural Ecology | |
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| Beyond Land and Water: The Boundaries of Cultural Ecology | |
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| The Limits of Progressive Contextualization | |
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| Taking the Plunge | |
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| The Critical Tools:Common Property Theory | |
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| Green Materialism | |
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| Materialist History | |
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| The Case of Oriental Despotism | |
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| Dependency, Accumulation, and Degradation | |
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| Lessons from Materialism: Broadly Defined Political Economy | |
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| The Producer is the Agent of History: Peasant Studies | |
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| Chayanov and the Rational Producer | |
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| Scott and the Moral Economy | |
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| Gramsci and Peasant Power | |
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| Breaking Open the Household: Feminist Development Studies | |
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| Critical Environmental History | |
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| Whose History & Science? Postcolonial Studies and Power/Knowledge | |
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| Power/Knowledge | |
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| Critical Science, Deconstruction, and Ethics | |
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| Political Ecology Emergent | |
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| A Field Crystallizes:Chains of Explanation | |
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| Peanuts and Poverty in Niger | |
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| Marginalization | |
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| The "Silent Violence " of Famine in Nigeria | |
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| Broadly Defined Political Economy | |
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| Struggle in Cote D 'Ivoire 's Fields and Pastures25 Years Later | |
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| Conceptual and Methodological Challenges | |
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| Destruction of Nature - Human Impact and Environmental Degradation:The Focus on Human Impact | |
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| Defining and Measuring Degradation | |
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| Loss of Natural Productivity | |
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| Loss of Biodiversity | |
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| Loss of Usefulness | |
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| Socio-Environmental Destruction: Creating or Shifting Risk Ecology | |
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| Limits of Land Degradation: Variability, Disturbance, and Recovery | |
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| What Baseline? Non-Human Disturbance and Variability of Ecological Systems | |
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| What Impact? Variable Response to Disturbance | |
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| Can We Go Back? Variable Recovery from Disturbance | |
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| Methodological Imperatives in Political Analysis of Environmental Destruction | |
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| Construction of Nature: Environmental Knowledges and Imaginaries | |
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| Why Bother to Argue That Nature (or Forests or Land Degradation ...) is Constructed? | |
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| Choosing Targets for Political Ecological Constructivism | |
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| Three Debates and Motivations | |
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| Hard and Soft Constructivism"Radical " Constructivism"Soft " Constructivism | |
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| Constructivist Claims in Political Ecology"Barstool " Biologists and "Hysterical " Housewives | |
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| The Peculiar Case of Local Environmental Knowledge | |
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| Eliciting Environmental Construction | |
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| Talk and Text: Construction in Discourse | |
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| Categories and Taxonomies | |
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| Spatial Knowledge and Construction | |
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| Narratives of Ecological Process and Change | |
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| Genealogies of Representation: Environmental History | |
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| Methodological Issues in Political Analysis of Environmental Construction | |
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| Political Ecology Now | |
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| Degradation and Marginalization:The Argument | |
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| Degradation and Reversibility | |
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| Accumulation and Declining Margins | |
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| The Evidence | |
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| Amazonian Deforestation | |
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| Contract Agriculture in the Caribbean | |
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| Evaluating the Thesis | |
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| Research Example: Common Property Disorders in Rajasthan | |
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| Eliciting Rules of Use | |
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| Recording Environmental Practices and Response to Authority | |
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| Determining Ecological Outcomes | |
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| Con | |