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Preface (1st Edition) | |
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Preface (2nd Edition) | |
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Introduction | |
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Humans in space | |
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Stressors and stress in space | |
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Sources of information | |
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Anecdotal reports | |
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Space analog and simulation studies | |
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Settings | |
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Relevance to actual space missions | |
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Research in space | |
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Basic assumptions | |
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Human performance | |
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Crew heterogeneity | |
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Cultural differences | |
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Time effects | |
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Crew-ground relationship | |
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Psychological countermeasures | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Basic Issues Of Human Adaptation to Space Flight | |
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Space as an extreme environment | |
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Issues of physiological adaptation | |
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Cardiovascular system | |
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Vestibular and sensory-motor system | |
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Musculo-skeletal system | |
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Physiological deconditioning and countermeasures | |
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Sleep and circadian rhythms | |
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Empirical findings from space: phenomenology of sleep disturbances | |
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Empirical findings from space: sleep disturbances and circadian rhythms | |
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Operational significance | |
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Psychological adaptation to long-duration space flight: general characteristics | |
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Stages of adaptation over time | |
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Empirical findings from ground research: stages of adaptation in analog environments and isolation studies | |
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Empirical findings from space: stages of psychological adaptation during space missions | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Human Performance | |
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Basic issues | |
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Possible origins of cognitive performance decrements in space | |
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Effects of microgravity on specific brain mechanisms | |
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Effects of stress on mental performance | |
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Empirical findings from space: cognitive neuroscience research | |
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Spatial orientation | |
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Spatial perception and representation | |
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Mental rotation and object recognition | |
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Mass discrimination | |
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Aimed voluntary movements | |
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Empirical findings from space: human performance monitoring | |
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Results of performance monitoring during short-duration space flight | |
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Results of performance monitoring during long-duration space missions | |
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Impairments of tracking and dual-task performance in space: effects of microgravity, stress, or both? | |
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Complex cognitive and perceptual-motor skills | |
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Ground-based studies | |
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Empirical findings from space: effects of stressors on complex cognitive and perceptual-motor skills | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Human Interactions | |
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Interpersonal issues | |
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Crew heterogeneity | |
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Gender | |
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Cultural differences | |
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Career motivation and experiences | |
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Personality | |
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Problems related to crew heterogeneity | |
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Crew cohesion | |
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Time effects and mission stage | |
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Problems related to changes in cohesion | |
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Language and dialect variations | |
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Native language versus space terminology | |
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Problems related to language and dialect variations | |
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Crew size | |
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The impact of size in small groups | |
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Problems related to crew size | |
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Leadership roles | |
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Task versus supportive roles | |
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Problems related to leadership roles | |
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Crew-ground interactions | |
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Ingroup versus outgroup issues | |
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Displacement | |
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Problems related to crew-ground interactions | |
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Empirical findings from space: ISS operations challenges as seen by junior and senior mission control personnel | |
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Procedures | |
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Results | |
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Conclusions | |
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Empirical findings from space: human interactions during the Shuttle/Mir program | |
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Procedures | |
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Results | |
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Empirical findings from space: human interactions during the International Space Station (ISS) program | |
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Procedures | |
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Results | |
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Culture and Language Questionnaire findings | |
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Empirical findings from space: conclusions from the Shuttle/Mir and International Space Station human interactions studies | |
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Time effects | |
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Displacement | |
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National and organizational culture | |
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Cultural and language experiences and attitudes | |
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Leadership roles | |
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Critical incidents | |
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Implications for future space missions | |
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Empirical findings from space: cultural challenges facing ISS personnel | |
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Procedures | |
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Results | |
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Conclusions | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Psychiatric Issues | |
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Behavioral health and salutogenesis | |
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Empirical findings from space: positive psychological aspects of space flight | |
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Procedures | |
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Results | |
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Conclusions | |
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Psychiatric problems in space | |
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Adjustment disorders | |
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Somatoform disorders | |
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Mood and thought disorders | |
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Post-mission effects: personality changes and marital problems | |
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Asthenia | |
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A common space syndrome? | |
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Cultural issues | |
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Russian views of asthenia in space | |
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Empirical findings from space: asthenia and the Shuttle/Mir program | |
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Procedures | |
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Results | |
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Conclusions | |
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Empirical findings from space: cultural differences in patterns of mood states on-orbit | |
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Treatment considerations | |
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Counseling and psychotherapy | |
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Psychoactive medications | |
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Psychiatric research in space | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Psychological Countermeasures | |
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General aspects | |
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Habitability factors | |
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Work design issues | |
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Selection and crew composition | |
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General issues | |
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Select-out: avoiding psychopathology | |
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Select-in: the "right stuff" | |
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Crew composition: the problem of interpersonal compatibility | |
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Training | |
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Who should be trained? | |
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Towards a competency model for astronauts | |
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Kinds of training | |
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Briefings, lectures, and workshops | |
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Field exercises | |
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Crew-oriented sensitivity training and team-building | |
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Crew monitoring | |
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Remote monitoring from Earth | |
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Empirical findings from space: monitoring stress through voice analysis | |
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On-board monitoring | |
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In-flight support | |
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Supportive measures for preventing feelings of monotony, boredom, and isolation | |
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Maintaining contact with family and friends | |
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Private psychological conferences | |
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Support of families on Earth | |
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Post-flight readjustment support | |
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Individual issues | |
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Family issues | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Future Challenges | |
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Space tourism | |
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Going beyond the Earth's orbit | |
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Future human missions to the Moon and Mars | |
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Missions to the Moon and the establishment of a lunar base | |
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Exploratory missions to Mars | |
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Applicability of current psychological knowledge to space missions beyond the Earth's orbit | |
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Empirical findings from space: cosmonaut survey regarding a mission to Mars | |
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Goals and Procedures | |
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Results | |
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Conclusions | |
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Human missions to Mars: new psychological challenges | |
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Individual adaptation and human performance | |
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Interpersonal issues | |
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Psychiatric issues | |
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Psychological countermeasures | |
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The Earth-out-of-view phenomenon | |
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Research directions | |
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Summary | |
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References | |
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Index | |