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| Introduction | |
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| List of Abbreviations | |
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| List of Figures and Tables | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| The Problem of Intelligence | |
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| Some of the Basic Issues | |
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| The Single and Multiple Capacity Views | |
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| Where Are the Facts of Intelligence Found? | |
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| The Faulty Sciences of Intelligence | |
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| The Anti-Theory Bias | |
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| A Misleading Heritage of Inductivism | |
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| Confusing Cause and Correlation | |
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| Invalid Reductionism | |
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| The Faulty Genetic Argument | |
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| A Neo-Darwinist Influence | |
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| Neglect of Emerging Intelligence | |
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| Inadequacies of the Classical Linear Approach | |
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| Neglect of Theory Construction and Concept Formation | |
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| Mechanism and Organicism | |
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| Narrowing the Intelligence Domain to Suit Tools At Hand | |
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| Unexamined Assumptions, Concepts, and Fallacies | |
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| The Scope of Cognition | |
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| A Bankrupt Theory of Knowing in the Sciences of Intelligence | |
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| Kinds of Knowing and the Intellectualist Legend | |
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| A Missing Distinction between Rule-governed and Rule-bound Intelligence | |
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| Neglect of Multiple Signs and Disclosure of Intelligence | |
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| Signals, Cues, and Clues | |
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| Exhibiting and Disclosing Intelligence | |
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| Mechanical "Hard-Wired" and Natural Intelligence: Absent the Difference | |
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| Requirements for a New Science of Intelligence | |
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| A Broader Theory of Knowing | |
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| Knowledge That, Knowing How, Immediate Awareness | |
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| A Broader Theory of Signs of Intelligence | |
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| Toward Three-Dimensional Signs and Patterns | |
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| Methods of Nonlinear Science: The Emergence of Self-Organizing Dynamical Intelligence | |
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| Self-Organization | |
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| Theory Models Approach to Intelligence Inquiry | |
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| Set Theory | |
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| Information Theory | |
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| Graph Theory and Dynamical Systems Theory | |
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| From a Symbol-based View to a Geometric View of Natural Intelligence | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Universe of Intelligence | |
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| Carving the Problem Space | |
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| Rational Inquiry and Ideology: The Differences | |
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| Careless Carving | |
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| Classical Origins and Fabric of Intelligence Theory: Cut on Biases | |
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| Plato and Aristotle's Conflicting Theoretical Stage | |
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| Plato's Dichotomy of Mind and Body | |
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| Aristotelian Dictum: Anatomy and Intelligence are Destiny | |
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| Early Differences Between Theory and Practice | |
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| Anthropocentrism, Language, Gender, Race, Size, Wealth, and Place | |
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| The Intrinsic and Instrumental Intelligence Difference | |
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| The Intelligence Center of the Universe | |
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| The Fabric of Concepts Defining Intelligence Since Darwin | |
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| Reason, Logic and Language | |
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| Number | |
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| Knowledge | |
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| The Continuing Cartesian "Split": Body and Mind | |
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| Making the Natural Artificial | |
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| The Intelligence of the Large and Small | |
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| Brainless Intelligence and Intentionality? | |
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| Today's IQ Tests: Circularity, Bias, and American Eugenics | |
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| The Economic Argument | |
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| The Issue of Test Validity | |
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| Reification and the Eugenics Argument | |
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| A Static Hierarchy: g the Controller | |
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| Missing From g: Experience | |
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| Biological Determinism Revisited | |
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| Neo-Darwinism and the Heritability Argument | |
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| A Short History of Rising IQ Scores | |
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| Suspect Racial Sorting | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Genesis of Intelligence: Innate and Emergence Arguments | |
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| Categorization, Classification, Concepts and Representation | |
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| Reality and the Influence of Representationalism | |
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| The Continuing Problem with Universals (Concepts): Some History | |
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| Plato | |
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| Aristotle | |
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| Realists, Conceptualists, and Nominalists on Universals | |
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| Theories of Knowledge and the Scope of Intelligence | |
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| Realism, Coherence, and Pragmatism | |
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| The Language Interface Issue | |
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| A Postmodern Heritage and Realist Counterargument | |
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| Today's Representationalist Myths: Cognitive Maps in the Brain | |
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| The Innate Versus Emergence Arguments | |
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| The Genetically Encoded Syntax Argument | |
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| Nonverbal Communication: Beyond Alphanumeric Symbols and Vocalizations | |
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| Gestures | |
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| From Manual Gestures to Whole Body Performances | |
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| Evolutionary Argument against Innatists | |
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| Cognitivism, Mechanism, and "Innateness": How the Mind Does Not Work | |
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| Innate Learning Mechanisms | |
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| The Classical Computational View of Mind and Intelligence | |
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| Missing Practical Intelligence | |
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| Rationalist Sources of Innate Arguments | |
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| Summary | |
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| The Intelligence of Doing: Sensorimotor Domains and Knowing How | |
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| The Intelligence of Doing | |
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| A Two-Pronged Approach to Intelligence Inquiry | |
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| Fallacies to Avoid | |
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| Cognition, Consciousness, Awareness | |
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| The Science of Awareness | |
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| Cortical Structures and Information: Neural Bases of Awareness and Intelligent Doing | |
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| Reticulo-Thalamo-Cortical (RTC) System | |
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| How Concepts (Universals) Get Formed: A Global Map Theory | |
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| The Bogus Process of Abstraction | |
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| A Spurious Sense of Induction: The Appeal to "Sampling" | |
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| A Problem with Attention | |
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| Primitive Awareness | |
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| Scientific Definitions of "Awareness" | |
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| Possible Subject Bias | |
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| Awareness of and Awareness that | |
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| Experimental Evidence of Immediate Awareness | |
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| Evidence of Awareness Under Anesthesia | |
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| What the Experiments Show | |
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| Primitives of the Preattentive Phase of Awareness | |
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| Visual Fields | |
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| Preattentive and Automatic Processes | |
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| Primitive Preattentive Features, Processes and Cognition | |
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| Preattentive Feature Integration | |
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| Possible Dichotomy of Visual Discrimination | |
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| Detection and Attention to Faces | |
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| Primitive Intelligence of Moving and Touching | |
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| Multiple Spaces of the Senses, Images and Probing | |
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| Smoothness and Timing in Intelligent Doing | |
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| Limitations of Computational Models of Awareness: Selection without Classification | |
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| Summary | |
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| Where We Enter the Circle of Cognition: Immediate Awareness | |
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| Primitive Selection and Problems with Consciousness | |
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| Universals, Mathematical Thought and Awareness | |
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| On the Origins and Nature of Mathematical Thought | |
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| The Genetic Fallacy | |
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| A Postmodern View: The Body Shapes Development and Content of Mathematics | |
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| Conceptual Metaphors and Begging the Question | |
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| The Language Causal Argument: Language Shapes the Development and Content of Mathematics | |
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| The Neurological Evidence | |
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| Thinking in Patterns and Images | |
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| Mathematical Thought and Space | |
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| Space and Theorem-Proving | |
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| The Realism Argument: Reality and Reason Shape the Development and Content of Mathematics | |
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| Ontological and Epistemological Issues | |
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| Structure of Our Inquiry | |
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| Platonic and Hilbertian Mathematics: The Issues | |
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| The Second Theorem | |
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| The Non-algorithmic Nature of Mathematical Insight | |
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| Implications of Non-algorithmic Insight to a Science of Intelligence | |
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| Other Mathematical Sources of Non-algorithmic Intelligence | |
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| Problems with Representation Theories Revisited | |
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| Naming, Indexes, Classification, Sets, Kinds and Types | |
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| Classification and the Nature of Sui Generis Objects of Immediate Awareness | |
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| Phenomenal Experience and Mathematics | |
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| Demonstrating the Problem with Indexicals | |
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| Retroduction, Reality and Non-algorithmic Insight | |
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| Perception and Mathematical Objects | |
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| The Reality of Sets and Concepts | |
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| Intersubjective Requirements of Mathematical Thought | |
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| Summary | |
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| Intelligence as Self-Organizing Emerging Complexity | |
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| Categories of Natural Intelligence | |
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| Self-Organization and Pattern Formation | |
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| Emergence | |
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| Interactive Systems and Self-Organization | |
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| Complexity | |
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| Mechanism and Organicism Revisited | |
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| Organized Simplicity and Unorganized Complexity | |
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| Organized Complexity | |
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| Causality | |
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| Nonlinear Theory Models Approach to Natural Intelligence | |
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| The SIGGS Theory Model | |
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| Information Theory | |
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| Information-Theoretic Extensions of Simple Feedback Model | |
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| SIGGS Applied to Natural Intelligence Systems | |
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| Elements and Signs of Natural Intelligence | |
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| The Use of Digraph Theory to Characterize Intelligence Relations | |
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| Social Network Theory and Patterns of Intelligence | |
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| Fundamental Properties of Networks: Density and Connectedness | |
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| Partial Order on the Intelligence Set | |
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| Information-Theoretic Measures on Natural Intelligence Systems | |
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| Information-Theoretic (Uncertainty) Measures of Intelligence | |
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| Measures of Uncertainty and Intelligence Categories of Occurrences | |
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| Information-Theoretic Measures of the Universal Intelligence Set | |
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| From a Symbol-based View to a Geometric View of Natural Intelligence | |
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| Boolean Networks | |
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| Random Boolean Networks | |
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| Discrete Digital and Continuous Analogue Domains | |
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| Summary | |
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| Mapping Natural Intelligence to Machine Space | |
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| Classical Architectures for Natural Intelligence | |
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| Learning, Knowledge, Knowing and Intelligence | |
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| Vectors, States, and Trajectories | |
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| Functions and Operators | |
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| Goal-seeking Intentional Behavior | |
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| Hierarchical Control | |
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| Control System Information Limitations | |
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| Biologically-Inspired Architectures: VLSI | |
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| Neuromorphic Architectures | |
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| Learning Algorithms | |
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| Self-Organizing Feature Map (SOFM) | |
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| The Problem of "Brittleness" | |
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| The Party | |
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| Noise and Uncertainty | |
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| The Role of Indexicals in Natural Intelligence | |
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| Problems with Pattern Recognition and Limits of Classification | |
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| Kinds of Space: Revisiting the Problem with Universals | |
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| Costs of Ignoring Phenomenological First-Person Experience | |
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| Problems with Complexity | |
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| Decidability | |
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| Computability of Rule-Governed and Rule-Bound Natural Intelligence | |
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| Recursively Enumerable Natural Intelligence | |
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| Summary | |
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| Summary and Conclusions of Self-Organizing Natural Intelligence | |
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| A History of Biased Intelligence Space | |
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| Natural Intelligence as Self-Organizing and Emerging | |
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| Multidimensional and Multilayered Intelligence | |
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| Three Major Kinds of Natural Intelligence | |
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| Nonlinear Methods for a Science of Intelligence | |
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| Some Issues Left Unresolved | |
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| The Problem of Universals | |
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| The Problem of Indexicals | |
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| The Problem of Awareness | |
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| The Problem of Autonomy | |
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| References | |
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| Index | |