| |
| |
| Preface | |
| |
| |
| |
| Litter Dynamics | |
| |
| |
| |
| Litter Input | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Leaf Retention | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Manipulation of Stream Retentiveness | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Coarse Benthic Organic Matter | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Leaching | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Leaf Mass Loss Estimated by Litter Bag Technique | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Coarse Particulate Organic Matter Budgets | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Leaf Chemical and Physical Properties | |
| |
| |
| |
| Determination of Total Nitrogen and Phosphorus in Leaf Litter | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Total Protein | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Free Amino Acids | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Determination of Total Carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Determination of Soluble Carbohydrates | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Total Lipids | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Total Phenolics | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Radial Diffusion Assay for Tannins | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Acid Butanol Assay for Proanthocyanidins (Condensed Tannins) | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Proximate Lignin and Cellulose | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Leaf Toughness | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Microbial Decomposers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Techniques for Handling Ingoldian Fungi | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Maintenance of Aquatic Hyphomycete Cultures | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| An Illustrated Key to the Common Temperate Species of Aquatic Hyphomycetes | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Molecular Approaches to Estimate Fungal Diversity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Terminal Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (T-RFLP) | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Molecular Approaches to Estimate Fungal Diversity | |
| |
| |
| |
| Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Sporulation of Aquatic Hyphomycetes | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Ergosterol as a Measure of Fungal Biomass | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Acetate Incorporation into Ergosterol to Determine Fungal Growth Rates and Production | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Bacterial Counts and Biomass Determination by Epifluorescence Microscopy | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Secondary Production and Growth of Litter-Associated Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Isolation of Cellulose-degrading Bacteria | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Extraction and Quantification of ATP as a Measure of Microbial Biomass | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Respirometry | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Enzymatic Capabilities | |
| |
| |
| |
| Extractellular Fungal Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Cellulases | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Viscosimetric Determination of Endocellulase Activity | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Fluorometric Determination of the Activity of b-Glucosidase and other Extracellular Hydrolytic Enzymes | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Pectin-Degrading Enzymes: Polygalacturonase and Pectin Lyase | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Lignin-Degrading Enzymes (Phenoloxidase and Peroxidase) | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Phenol Oxidation | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Proteinase Activity: Azocoll and Thin-Layer Enzyme Assay | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Detritivorous Consumers | |
| |
| |
| |
| Maintenance of Shredders in the Laboratory | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Feeding Preferences of Shredders | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Data Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| A Primer for Statistical Analysis | |
| |
| |
| |
| |
| Biodiversity | |
| |