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| Preface | |
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| Preface | |
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| Foreword | |
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| Acknowledgements | |
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| Introduction to Space Life Sciences | |
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| Space Life Sciences: What Is It? | |
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| Objectives | |
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| The Space Environment | |
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| Justification for Human Spaceflight | |
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| Where we are | |
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| The Legacy of Space Life Sciences Research | |
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| Major Space Life Sciences Event | |
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| Survising the Odyssey | |
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| Life Support Systems | |
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| Challenges Facing Humans in Space | |
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| Astronauts'' Health Maintenance | |
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| Environmental Health during Space Missions | |
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| Human Mars Mission | |
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| Countermeasures | |
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| Artificial Gravity | |
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| A New Science is Born | |
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| References | |
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| Space Biology | |
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| What is Life? | |
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| Life on Earth | |
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| Life on Mars | |
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| Gravitational Biology | |
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| Questions | |
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| Results of Space Experiments | |
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| Bioprocessing in Space | |
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| Development Biology | |
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| Questions | |
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| Results of Space Experiments | |
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| Plant Biology | |
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| Questions | |
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| Results of Space Experiments | |
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| Radiation Biology | |
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| Ionized Radiation in Space | |
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| Biological Effects of Radiation | |
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| ISS Facilities for Space Biology | |
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| References | |
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| The Neuro-Sensory System in Space | |
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| The Problem: Space Motion Sickness | |
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| Vestibular Function | |
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| The Vestibular System | |
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| The Other Senses | |
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| Effects of Spaceflight on Posture and Movement | |
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| Rest Posture | |
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| Vestibulo-Spinal Reflexes | |
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| Locomotion | |
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| Body Movement | |
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| Eye Movement | |
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| Effects of Spaceflight on Spatial Orientation | |
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| Visual Orientation | |
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| Cognition | |
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| What Do We Know? | |
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| Space Motion Sickness (SMS) Experience | |
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| Theories for Space Motion Sickness | |
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| Countermeasures | |
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| References | |
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| The Cardio-Vascular System in Space | |
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| The Problem: Postflight Orthostatic Intolerance | |
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| Physiology of the Cardio-Vascular System | |
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| Basics | |
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| Control Mechanism | |
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| Effects of Spaceflight on the Cardio-Vascular System | |
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| Launch Position | |
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| Early On-Orbit | |
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| Later On-Orbit | |
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| Postflight | |
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| What Do We Know? | |
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| Orthostatic Intolerance | |
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| Pulmonary Function | |
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| Bed Rest | |
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| Countermeasures | |
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| In-flight | |
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| End of Mission | |
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| The Musculo-Skeletal System in Space | |
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| The Problem: Muscle Atrophy and Bone Loss | |
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| Muscle Atrophy | |
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| Bone Loss | |
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| Muscle and Bone Physiology | |
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| Muscle Physiology | |
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| Bone Physiology | |
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| Effects of Spaceflight on Muscle | |
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| Decrease in Body Mass | |
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| Decrease in Muscle Volume and Strength | |
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| Changes in Muscle Structure | |
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| Effects of Spaceflight on Bone | |
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| Human Studies | |
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| Animal Studies | |
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| What Do We Know? | |
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| Muscle Atrophy | |
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| Bone Demineralization | |
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| Countermeasures | |
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| Muscle | |
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| Bone | |
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| Aging and Space | |
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| References | |
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| Psycho-Sociological Issues of Spaceflight | |
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| The Problem: Reaction to Stress | |
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| Analogs | |
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| Space Simulators | |
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| Actual Space Missions | |
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| Rules | |
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| Individual Selection | |
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| Select-Out Criteria | |
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| Select-In Criteria | |
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| Psychological Profile of Astronauts and Cosmonauts | |
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| Crew Selection | |
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| Sociological issues | |
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| Selection issues | |
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| Assessment of Behavior and Performance | |
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| Psychological Training and Support | |
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| Training | |
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| Support | |
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| References | |
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| Operational Space Medicine | |
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| What Is It? | |
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| Objectives | |
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| Risk Assessment | |
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| Astronaut Selection and Training | |
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| Crew Position | |
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| Physical Requirements for Astronaut Selection | |
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| Astronaut Training | |
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| Prevention: Health Hazards in Space | |
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| Medical Events during Spaceflight | |
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| Medical Aspects of Extra-Vehicular Activity | |
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| Medical Problems of Radiation in Space | |
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| Conclusion on Space Health Hazards | |
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| Treatment: Space Medical Facilities | |
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| Crew Health Care System (CHeCS) | |
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| Telemedicine | |
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| Emergency and Rescue | |
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| Future Challenges | |
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| Human Needs for Long-Duration Missions | |
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| Controlled Ecological Life Support System | |
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| Terraforming | |
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| Conclusion | |
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| References | |
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| Space Life Sciences Investigator''s Guide | |
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| Resources and Constraints of Space L | |