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Contributors | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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Introduction to Biodeterioration and Human Health | |
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The Biological Aerosol as a Factor of Biodeterioration | |
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Introduction | |
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Biological Alteration Processes and Conditioning Factors | |
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Biodeterioration of Materials Forming Pieces of Cultural Property | |
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Biodeterioration of Organic Materials | |
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Paper | |
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Wood | |
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Textiles | |
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Parchment and Leather | |
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Paintings (Ground Layers and Pigments) | |
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Plastics | |
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Biodeterioration of Inorganic Materials | |
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Stone materials | |
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Glass | |
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Metals | |
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Aerobiology Applied to Cultural Heritage | |
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Biological Aerosol and Biodeterioration | |
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Origin and Dispersion of Biological Matter in the Air | |
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Pathogenic Microorganisms and Situations of Risk to Man | |
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Introduction | |
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Indoor Pollution and Effects on Human Health | |
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Biological Pollution and Risk Situations | |
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Studies on the Quality of Air in Libraries and Archives | |
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Environmental Measurements for Aerobiological Monitoring | |
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Measurement of Environmental Physical Parameters | |
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Introduction | |
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Measurement of Physical Parameters | |
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Temperature | |
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Moisture | |
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Air Movements | |
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Light | |
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Measuring Methods | |
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Indoor Measurements | |
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Outdoor Environment | |
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Microclimatic Monitoring | |
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Data Processing | |
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Influence of Physical Parameters on the Development of Organisms that Promote Biodeterioration | |
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Chemical Parameters and Development of Biodeteriogens | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of pollutants | |
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Inorganic compounds of atmospheric particulate | |
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Gaseous inorganic compounds | |
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Organic compounds | |
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Pollutants Promoting the Growth of Microorganisms | |
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Growth-inhibiting pollutants | |
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Types of Substrates | |
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Detection of Pollutants | |
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Active Methods | |
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Liquid impingers | |
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Denuders | |
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Passive Methods | |
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Data Processing | |
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Methods and Measurement Techniques for Aerobiological Monitoring | |
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Monitoring the Biological Aerosol | |
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Introduction | |
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Principles of Atmospheric Dispersion of Particles | |
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Deposition | |
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Settling velocity | |
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Density | |
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Coagulation | |
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Impact | |
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Deposition in Precipitations | |
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Sampling Principles | |
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Gravitational Deposition | |
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Impact | |
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Suction | |
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Filtration | |
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Electrostatic Precipitation | |
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Thermal Precipitation | |
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Impingement | |
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Sampling Equipment | |
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Deposition Samplers | |
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Impaction Samplers | |
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Liquid impingers | |
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Strategy of Aerobiological Sampling Techniques | |
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Choice of Aerobiological Monitoring Method | |
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Criteria for Indoor Aerobiological Monitoring | |
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Sampling Site | |
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Timing and Duration of Sampling | |
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Influence of Heating and Conditioning Systems | |
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Choice of Sampling Technique | |
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Analysis of the Biological Aerosol | |
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Introduction | |
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Methods for Analysis of Biological Aerosol | |
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Bacteria and Actinomycetes | |
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Ecological and Functional Characteristics | |
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Autotrophic Bacteria | |
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Heterotrophic Bacteria | |
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Specific Analysis Methods | |
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Fungi | |
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Ecological and Functional Characteristics | |
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Specific Analysis Methods | |
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Cyanobacteria and Algae | |
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Ecological and Functional Characteristics | |
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Specific Analysis Methods | |
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Lichens | |
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Ecological and Functional Characteristics | |
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Specific Sampling Methods | |
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Higher Plants and Mosses | |
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Ecological and Functional Characteristics | |
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Specific Sampling Methods | |
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Aerobiological Monitoring for the Preservation of Cultural Heritage | |
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Libraries and Archives | |
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Introduction | |
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Specific Contexts | |
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Types of Environments and Their Climates | |
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Types of Buildings | |
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Remarks on microclimates | |
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Types of Shelves and their Microclimates | |
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Types of Materials and their Biodegradability | |
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Hygroscopicity of Materials and Biodeterioration Processes | |
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Biodeteriogens of Library and Archive Materials | |
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State of Researches of Aerobiology in Archives and Libraries | |
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Aerobiological Sampling in Libraries and Archives | |
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Museums | |
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Introduction | |
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Aspects to be Considered | |
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Types of Museums | |
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Types of Environments and Relevant Microclimates | |
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Types of Exhibition | |
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Types of Materials Preserved | |
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Biodeteriogens | |
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State of Aerobiological Researches in Museums | |
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Aerobiological Sampling in Museum Environments | |
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Churches and Hypogea | |
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Introduction | |
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Types of Environments and their Microclimates | |
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Churches | |
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Hypogea | |
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Types of Materials Preserved | |
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Biodeteriogens | |
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State of Aerobiological Research on Churches and Hypogea | |
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Aerobiological Sampling in Churches and Hypogea | |
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Outdoor Environments | |
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Introduction | |
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Specific Goals | |
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Types of Materials Exposed and Conditions of Exposure | |
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Biodeteriogens of Materials Used in Buildings | |
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Index | |
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Colour Plates | |