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List of Procedures | |
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About the Authors | |
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Preface | |
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Acknowledgments | |
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How to Use This Book | |
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The Long-Term Care Setting | |
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The Long-Term Care Facility | |
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Community Health Care Facilities | |
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Types of Long-Term Care Facilities | |
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Functional Areas in a Long-Term Care Facility | |
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Standards and Regulations | |
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Health Insurance Portability and Accountability | |
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OBRA Legislation | |
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Financing in Long-Term Care | |
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The Survey | |
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The Caregivers | |
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The Interdisciplinary Team Members | |
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Administrative Organization | |
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Educational Services | |
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The Nursing Assistant in Long-Term Care | |
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Professionalism | |
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Personal Characteristics | |
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Attitude | |
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Personal Hygiene | |
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Uniforms | |
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Duties and Responsibilities: The Job Description | |
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Staff Relations | |
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Assignments | |
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Specific Duties | |
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Organization of Time | |
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Workplace Environment | |
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Self-Care | |
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Sexual Harassment | |
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Continue to Grow | |
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Communication Skills | |
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Communication and Interpersonal Skills | |
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The Communication Process | |
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Communicating with Staff Members | |
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Oral Communications | |
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Written Communications | |
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Communicating with Residents | |
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Guidelines for Communicating with Residents | |
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Communicating Through the Use of Touch | |
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Communicating with Residents Who Have Special Needs | |
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Communicating with the Potentially Violent Resident | |
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The Language of Health Care | |
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The Language of Health Care | |
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Word Parts | |
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Expanding Your Vocabulary | |
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Abbreviations | |
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Understanding the Body | |
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Anatomic Terms | |
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Organization of the Body | |
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Cells | |
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Tissues | |
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Organs | |
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Systems | |
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Membranes | |
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Cavities | |
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Observation, Documentation, and Reporting | |
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Observation | |
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Reporting | |
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Documentation | |
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The Interdisciplinary Health Care Team Process | |
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Protecting Residents' Rights and Safety | |
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Residents' Rights | |
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Purpose of the Residents' Rights Document | |
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Residents' Rights | |
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Legal Aspects of Health Care | |
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Ethics and the Health Care Provider | |
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Safety | |
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Safety in Health Care Facilities | |
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Employee Safety | |
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Guidelines for Using Ergonomic Techniques to Reduce the Risk of Having an Incident | |
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Hazards in the Work Environment | |
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Resident Safety | |
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Guidelines for Using Restraints | |
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Wheelchair Safety | |
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Fire Safety | |
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Safety Issues for Disasters/Threats | |
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Emergencies | |
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General Measures to Follow for Emergencies | |
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Cardiac Arrest | |
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Guidelines for Responding to an Emergency | |
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Foreign Body Airway Obstruction (Choking) | |
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Assisting the Conscious Person with Obstructed Airway-Heimlich Maneuver | |
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The Recovery Position | |
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Early Defibrillation | |
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Hemorrhage | |
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Obstructed Airway, Unconscious Person | |
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Resident Falls | |
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One-Rescuer CPR, Adult | |
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Seizures | |
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Positioning the Resident in the Recovery Position | |
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Hemorrhage | |
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Care of Falling Resident | |
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Burns | |
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Orthopedic Injuries | |
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Accidental Poisoning | |
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Fainting | |
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Infection | |
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Infectious Disease | |
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Microbes | |
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The Chain of Infection | |
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Normal Body Flora | |
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Natural Body Defenses Against Disease | |
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Immunity | |
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Serious Infections in Health Care Facilities | |
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Bacterial Infections | |
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Viral Infections | |
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Other Important Infections | |
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Why Older Residents in Long-Term Care Are at Risk for Infections | |
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General Measures to Prevent Infections | |
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Outbreak of Infectious Disease in a Long-Term Care Facility | |
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Infection Control | |
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Medical Asepsis | |
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Handcare | |
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Handwashing | |
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Protecting Yourself | |
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Standard Precautions | |
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Transmission-Based Precautions | |
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Guidelines for Standard Precautions | |
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Guidelines for Environmental Procedures | |
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Disinfection and Sterilization | |
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Donning a Mask and Gloves | |
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Removing Contaminated Gloves | |
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Donning a Gown | |
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Removing Contaminated Gloves, Mask, and Gown | |
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Caring for Linens in Isolation Unit | |
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Measuring Vital Signs in Isolation Unit | |
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Serving a Meal Tray in Isolation Unit | |
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Specimen Collection from Resident in Isolation Unit | |
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Transferring Nondisposable Equipment Outside of Isolation Unit | |
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Transporting Resident to and from Isolation Unit | |
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Sterile Procedures | |
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Opening a Sterile Package | |
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Characteristics of the Long-Term Care Resident | |
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The Long-Term Care Resident | |
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About Aging | |
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The Process of Normal Aging | |
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Changes Caused by Aging | |
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Illness and Disability | |
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Stereotypes and Myths | |
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The Younger Resident in the Long-Term Care Facility | |
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Guidelines for Caring for Residents with Huntington's Disease | |
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Comfort, Rest, and Sleep | |
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The Psychosocial Aspects of Aging | |
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Basic Human Needs | |
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Cultural Influences | |
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Spirituality | |
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Religion | |
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Sexuality and Intimacy | |
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Major Challenges to Adjustments | |
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Using Defense (Coping) Mechanisms | |
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Meeting Residents' Psychosocial Needs | |
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Stress Reactions | |
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Reactive Behaviors | |
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Alternative and Culturally Based Health Behaviors | |
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Scientific (Western) Approach to Health Care | |
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Alternative and Adjunctive Therapies | |
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Cultural Sensitivity | |
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Importance for the Nursing Assistant | |
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Meeting the Residents' Basic Needs | |
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Care of the Residents' Environment | |
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Resident Environment | |
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Personal Space | |
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Resident Unit | |
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Extended Resident Environment | |
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Guidelines for Ensuring a Safe and Comfortable Environment | |
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Critical Procedure Actions | |
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Bedmaking | |
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Guidelines for Handling Linens and Making the Bed | |
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Unoccupied Bed: Changing Linens | |
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Occupied Bed: Changing Linens | |
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Caring for the Residents' Personal Hygiene | |
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Epidermis | |
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Dermis | |
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Skin Functions | |
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Skin Changes Caused by Aging | |
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Skin Lesions | |
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Guidelines for Preventing Skin Breakdown | |
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Backrub | |
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Bathing Residents | |
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Backrub | |
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Bed Bath Using Basin and Water | |
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Bed Bath Using a Rinse-Free Cleanser and Moisturizer | |
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Tub Bath or Shower | |
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Partial Bath | |
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Hair Care | |
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Female Perineal Care | |
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Male Perineal Care | |
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Facial Hair | |
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Hand and Fingernail Care | |
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Daily Hair Care | |
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Shaving Male Resident | |
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Foot and Toenail Care | |
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Hand and Fingernail Care | |
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Foot and Toenail Care | |
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Oral Hygiene | |
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Assisting Resident to Brush Teeth | |
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Cleaning and Flossing Resident's Teeth | |
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Caring for Dentures | |
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Assisting with Oral Hygiene for the Unconscious Resident | |
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Dressing Resident | |
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Dressing and Undressing Resident | |
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Meeting the Residents' Nutritional Needs | |
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The Digestive System | |
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The Digestive Process | |
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Aging Changes | |
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Nutrients | |
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Electrolyte Balance | |
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The 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans | |
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Nutritional Status | |
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Dehydration | |
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Intake and Output (I&O) | |
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Measuring and Recording Fluid Intake | |
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Diets | |
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Nursing Assistant Responsibilities | |
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Assisting the Resident Who Can Feed Self | |
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Feeding the Dependent Resident | |
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Nourishments and Supplements | |
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Alternate Methods of Feeding | |
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Disorders of the Digestive System | |
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Meeting the Residents' Elimination Needs | |
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Introduction | |
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The Continent Resident | |
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Equipment to Assist Elimination | |
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Giving and Receiving the Bedpan | |
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Giving and Receiving the Urinal | |
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Assisting with Use of the Bedside Commode | |
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Assisting Resident to Use the Bathroom | |
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Elimination from the Lower Digestive Tract | |
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The Resident with Constipation | |
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Bowel Aids | |
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Giving an Oil-Retention or Commercially Prepared Enema | |
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Giving a Soapsuds Enema | |
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Rectal Tube and Flatus Bag | |
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Inserting a Rectal Tube and Flatus Bag | |
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Ostomies | |
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Giving Routine Stoma Care (Colostomy) | |
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Fecal Incontinence | |
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Collecting a Stool Specimen | |
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Collecting a Stool Specimen | |
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Urinary System | |
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Urine Elimination | |
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Changes in the Urinary System Caused by Aging | |
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Urinary Retention and Incontinence | |
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Internal Urinary Catheter Drainage | |
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Giving Indwelling Catheter Care | |
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Intake and Output (I&O) | |
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Emptying a Urinary Drainage Unit and Disconnecting the Catheter | |
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Measuring and Recording Fluid Output | |
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Leg Bag Drainage | |
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Connecting Catheter to Leg Bag and Emptying the Leg Bag | |
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Collecting a Routine or Clean-Catch Urine Specimen | |
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External Urinary Drainage (Male) | |
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Common Conditions | |
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Applying a Condom for Urinary Drainage | |
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Special Nursing Assistant Activities | |
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Measuring and Recording Residents' Data | |
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Measuring Vital Signs | |
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Temperature | |
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Measuring an Oral Temperature (Glass Thermometer) | |
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Measuring a Rectal Temperature (Glass Thermometer) | |
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Measuring an Axillary Temperature (Glass Thermometer) | |
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Measuring an Oral Temperature (Electronic Thermometer) | |
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Measuring a Rectal Temperature (Electronic Thermometer) | |
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Measuring an Axillary Temperature (Electronic Thermometer) | |
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Measuring a Tympanic Temperature | |
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Pulse and Respiration | |
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Counting the Radial Pulse Rate | |
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Counting the Apical-Radial Pulse | |
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Blood Pressure | |
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Counting Respirations | |
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Guidelines for Preparing to Measure Blood Pressure | |
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Taking Blood Pressure | |
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Weighing and Measuring the Resident | |
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Weighing and Measuring the Resident Using an Upright Scale | |
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Measuring Weight with an Electronic Wheelchair Scale | |
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Weighing the Resident in a Chair Scale | |
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Measuring and Weighing the Resident in Bed | |
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Recording Vital Signs | |
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Admission, Transfer, and Discharge | |
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Admitting the Resident | |
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Admitting the Resident | |
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Transferring the Resident | |
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Transferring the Resident | |
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Discharging the Resident | |
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Discharging the Resident | |
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Warm and Cold Applications | |
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Safety | |
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Commercial Preparations | |
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Use of Warm Applications | |
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Applying an Aquamatic K-Pad | |
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Use of Cold Applications | |
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Applying a Disposable Cold Pack | |
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Applying an Ice Bag | |
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Assisting with the Application of a Hypothermia Blanket | |
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Introduction to Restorative Care | |
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Restorative and Rehabilitative Care of the Resident | |
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Restorative Care and the Interdisciplinary Healthcare Team | |
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Purposes of Restorative and Rehabilitative Care | |
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Preventing Complications from Inactivity | |
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Activities of Daily Living | |
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Setting Up Restorative Programs | |
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The Restorative and Rehabilitative Environment | |
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Guidelines for Nursing Assistant Responsibilities in General Restorative Program | |
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Progressive Mobilization | |
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Range of Motion | |
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Guidelines for Passive Range-of-Motion Exercises | |
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Passive Range-of-Motion Exercises | |
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Self Range-of-Motion Exercises | |
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Active Range-of-Motion Exercises | |
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Positioning the Resident | |
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Guidelines for Positioning | |
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Turning the Dependent Resident with a Turning Sheet | |
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Moving the Resident in Bed | |
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Turning the Resident to the Side | |
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Logrolling the Resident onto the Side | |
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Positioning the Dependent Resident | |
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Supine Position | |
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Semisupine or Tilt Position | |
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Lateral (Side-Lying) Position | |
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Lateral Position on the Affected Side | |
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Semiprone Position | |
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Fowler's Position | |
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Chair Positioning | |
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Repositioning a Resident in a Wheelchair | |
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Wheelchair Activities to Relieve Pressure | |
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Independent Bed Movement | |
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Assisting with Independent Bed Movement | |
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Continuing with Progressive Mobilization | |
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Bowel and Bladder Programs | |
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Guidelines for Bowel and Bladder Programs | |
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Restoring Residents' Mobility | |
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Transfers | |
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Guidelines for Transfers | |
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Using a Transfer Belt (Gait Belt) | |
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Bringing the Resident to a Sitting Position at the Edge of the Bed | |
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Assisted Standing Transfer | |
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Transferring the Resident from Chair to Bed | |
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Assisted Standing Transfer/Two Assistants | |
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Wheelchair to Toilet and Toilet to Wheelchair Transfers | |
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Transferring to Tub Chair or Shower Chair | |
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Transferring a Nonstanding Resident from Wheelchair to Bed | |
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Using Mechanical Lifts | |
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Transferring Resident with a Mechanical Lift | |
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| |
Sliding Board Transfer | |
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Ambulation | |
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Guidelines for Sliding Board Transfers | |
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Sliding Board Transfer | |
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Using a Wheelchair | |
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Guidelines for Ambulation | |
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Ambulating a Resident | |
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Assisting Resident to Ambulate with Cane or Walker | |
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Special Maneuvers with Wheelchairs | |
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Positioning the Dependent Resident in the Wheelchair | |
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Wheelchair Activity | |
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| |
| |
Residents with Specific Disorders | |
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Caring for Residents with Cardiovascular Disorders | |
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| |
Introduction | |
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| |
The Heart | |
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| |
Blood Vessels | |
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Lymph | |
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The Blood | |
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Disorders of the Blood | |
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Disorders of the Blood Vessels and Circulation | |
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Guidelines for Caring for Residents with Peripheral Vascular Disease | |
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Heart Disease | |
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| |
| |
Applying Elasticized Stockings | |
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| |
Caring for Residents with Respiratory System Disorders | |
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| |
Introduction | |
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The Respiratory Structures | |
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Voice Production | |
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Changes Caused by Aging | |
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Introduction to Pathology | |
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Collecting a Sputum Specimen | |
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Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease | |
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Treatment and Care of Residents with COPD | |
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Refilling the Humidifier Bottle | |
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Caring for Residents with Endocrine System Disorders | |
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Introduction | |
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Endocrine Glands | |
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Aging Changes | |
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Glucose Metabolism | |
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Diabetes Mellitus | |
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| |
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Caring for Residents with Reproductive System Disorders | |
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Introduction | |
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| |
The Male Reproductive System | |
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The Female Reproductive System | |
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Menstrual Cycle | |
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Menopause | |
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Changes in the Reproductive System as a Result of Aging | |
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Related Conditions | |
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| |
Sexually Transmitted Diseases | |
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| |
| |
Caring for Residents with Musculoskeletal System Disorders | |
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| |
The Musculoskeletal System | |
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| |
Changes in the Musculoskeletal System Caused by Aging | |
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Conditions Affecting the Musculoskeletal System | |
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| |
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Caring for Residents with Nervous System Disorders | |
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| |
Components of the Nervous System | |
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Central Nervous System | |
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Autonomic Nervous System | |
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Sense Organs | |
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Changes in the Nervous System Caused by Aging | |
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Causes of Severe Vision Impairment | |
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| |
| |
Care of Eyeglasses | |
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| |
Guidelines for Assisting Visually Impaired Residents | |
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| |
Hearing Loss | |
| |
| |
| |
Applying and Removing In-the-Ear or Behind-the-Ear Hearing Aids | |
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| |
Nervous System Disorders | |
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| |
Guidelines for Caring for Residents with Parkinson's Disease | |
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| |
Guidelines for Caring for Residents Who Have Had a Stroke | |
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Guidelines for Caring for Residents with Multiple Sclerosis | |
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Guidelines for Caring for Residents with Huntington's Disease | |
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Guidelines for Caring for Residents Who Have Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis | |
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Guidelines for Caring for Residents Who Have Myasthenia Gravis | |
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Residents with Special Needs | |
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Alzheimer's Disease and Related Disorders (Caring for the Cognitively Impaired Resident) | |
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Definition of Alzheimer's Disease | |
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Stages and Symptoms of Alzheimer's Disease | |
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Caring for Residents with Dementia | |
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Guidelines for Caring for Residents with Alzheimer's Disease | |
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Guidelines for Activities of Daily Living | |
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Special Problems | |
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Special Management Techniques | |
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Caring for Residents with Developmental Disabilities | |
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Characteristics of a Developmental Disability | |
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Mental Retardation | |
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Other Forms of Developmental Disabilities | |
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Caring for Residents with Developmental Disabilities | |
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Caring for the Dying Resident | |
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Introduction | |
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Hospice Care | |
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The Dying Process | |
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Signs of Approaching Death | |
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Postmortem Care | |
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Giving Postmortem Care | |
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Caring for the Person in Subacute Care | |
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Description of Subacute Care | |
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Special Procedures Provided in the Subacute Care Unit | |
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Care of the Surgical Patient | |
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Guidelines for Electronic Blood Pressure Monitoring | |
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Pulse Oximetry | |
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Taking Blood Pressure with an Electronic Blood Pressure Apparatus | |
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Intravenous Therapy | |
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Using a Pulse Oximeter | |
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Guidelines for Caring for Residents with Intravenous Lines | |
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Pain Management Procedures | |
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Changing a Gown on a Resident with a Peripheral Intravenous Line in Place | |
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Caring for Residents with Tracheostomies | |
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Caring for the Resident Receiving Dialysis Treatments | |
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Oncology Treatments | |
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Caring for the Person in the Home Setting | |
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Benefits of Home Health Care | |
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The Home Health Care Team | |
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Characteristics of the Home Health Nursing Assistant | |
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Home Health Nursing Assistant Duties | |
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Time Management | |
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Safety in the Home | |
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Home Management | |
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Communication and Documentation | |
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Employment | |
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Seeking Employment | |
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Congratulations Are in Order | |
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Self-Appraisal | |
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Job Search | |
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The Resume | |
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References | |
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Taking the Step | |
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The Interview (Putting Your Best Foot Forward) | |
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Keeping the Job | |
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Growing | |
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Resigning | |
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Glossary | |
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Index | |